60 
Small bile ducts between the lobules are often found injected, and rarely lines of 
yellow injection may be visible to the unaided eye. 
‘'Associated with the occlusion of the biliary canaliculi and ducts is a more or less 
extensive fatty degeneration of the hepatic cells. This is most advanced in pro- 
longed cases of disease. In several which came under our observation the fatty 
changes were so extensive that cells free from large quantities of fat could not be 
seen. Among other abnormal appearances may be mentioned the presence of irreg- 
ular yellow clumps of pigment in the hepatic cells and of stellate masses or blood-red 
needle-like crystals of very minute size. In one case large branched thrombi were 
found in some of the hepatic veins. * * * The injection of the bile canaliculi is 
seen only in Muller's fluid preparations or in alcoholic material cut directly without 
imbedding. The extent and location of the injection are variable. It may appear 
over an entire lobule or only a small portion of it. The fatty degeneration so regu- 
larly seen in fresh material shows itself in sections of hardened material in a peculiar 
vacuolated appearance of the cell protoplasm, the fat having been dissolved out. 
The vacuolation may be more pronounced near the center of the lobule, where the 
individual vacuoles may be as large as red corpuscles. Of these there may be several 
in a single cell, very little of the protoplasm remaining. The cell protoplasm of the 
peripheral zone of the lobule is uniformly vacuolated, the vacuoles being very small. 
“Another change that is of considerable importance in estimating the pathological 
effect of the disease is a tendency toward necrosis of the inner zone of the lobule. 
This process, which shows itself to the naked eye as a faint paler mottling of the 
liver tissue limited to the inner zone of the acini, seems to begin around the central 
vein and extend toward the periphery. It is characterized by a degeneration and 
loss of the nuclei of the parenchyma cells. ’ ’ Smith and Kilborne, 1893, pp. 28-30. 
Starcovici reports for hemoglobinuria that the center of the lobule is necrotic with 
gall stasis. In carceag the liver is friable; the flner changes of the liver consist in a 
collection of leukoc^des, and the larger vessels show here and there gall stasis, and 
there is parenchymatic degeneration and fatty degeneration of liver cells, especially 
in the center of the lobes. 
Xuttall reports for canine piroplasmosis that his cases showed but slight gross 
changes. 
GALL BLADDER. 
In case 107 the gall bladder and its contents appeared normal; in case 93 it was 
distended with fluid bile; in case 94 it contained l.-'^ ounces of fluid of a dark yellow 
color, and the gall ducts were pahilous (Wilson and Chowning, 1903a, pp. 48, 54, 58). 
In case 11 (1901:) the gall bladder was distended with fluid bile, the 
ducts were patulous; there were no gallstones. 
CoiiPAEisox. — In Texas fever the bile is found in the gall bladder in considerable 
quantity (one-half pint to a quart) after death. As might be anticipated from the 
description of the changes in the liver, this fluid is greatly altered. The usual lim- 
pid greenish fluid is replaced by an almost semisolid mass. As it flows from the 
incised bladder it has been aptly compared to chewed grass. The presence of mucus 
makes it cohesive enough to be drawn out into long flat bands as it flows. When it 
is allowed to stand quietly in a cylindrical vessel a layer of flakes settles down, which 
occupies not infrequently one-half of the entire column. The supernatant fluid is 
much darker than normal bile. The suspended matter appears to be made up chiefly 
of small yellowish flocculi or flakes. A deep-yellow tinge is imparted to all vessels 
and to the hands coming in contact with it. When examined under the microscope 
the suspended particles are resolved into amorphous yellowish masses mingled with 
bright golden points barely visible at 500 diametera. The common bile duct has 
