65 
Nuttall (1904, pp. 235, 236, 237) reports the blood in canine piroplasmosis as pro- 
foundly altered, pale and watery, and with coagulation retarded; the serum is tinged 
with hemoglobin. 
The difference in the blood in ‘‘spotted fever” on the one hand, and 
in piroplasmatic diseases on the other hand, is thus seen to be quite 
marked. In a piroplasmosis we naturally expect to find marked 
changes in the blood; but from our present knowledge it would appear 
that in Texas fever, hemoglobinuria, and canine piroplasmosis these 
changes are in one direction (the blood becoming thin, watery, and 
pale), while in “spotted fever” the}- are in the opposite direction (the 
blood becoming thick, molasses like, and dark). If now “spotted 
fever” be a true piroplasmosis, it would seem that a genus [Piro- 
plasma) of protozoa has very different effects upon the blood of man 
from those noticed in cattle and dogs. 
Viewed from the consistency of the blood, the condition noted in 
‘ ‘ spotted fever ” can not at present be said to support the theory that 
this disease is a true piroplasmosis. 
RED CELL COUNT. 
Wilson and Chowning (1902a, p. 133; 1903a, p. 64) appear to be the first to give 
the red cell count in this disease; they found it to be 4,100,000, 4,200,000, 4,300,000, 
4.400.000, and 4,500,000, respectively, in 5 cases examined; they call attention to the 
fact that these counts were made in an altitude of about 3,500 feet, where the normal 
count is above rather than under 5,500,000; they give a table of counts (1904a, p. 39) 
for cases 89, 94, 107, 115-120, 122-124. Anderson gives blood counts for several cases 
and concludes (1903a, p. 507; 1903c, p. 22) that there is a progressive decrease in red 
cells, but as soon as the temperature becomes normal an increase begins. 
Comparison. — In Texas fever there is a tremendous decrease in the red cell count. 
Thus, Smith and Kilborne (1903, pp. 38 to 41) report a decrease in acute cases from 
6.290.000, July 31, to 2,025,000, August 28; 7,171,000, August 13, to 1,675,000, August 
29; 5,000,000, August 13, to 2,645,000, August 25. 
In the mild nonfatal type the decrease is slower. 
For canine piroplasmosis Nuttall (1904, pp. 238-239) reports the following cases: 
Typical acute case, 5,240,000 first day to 2,200,000 late the fifth day; typical chronic 
case, 5,840,000 first day to 1,200,000 late the fifteenth day. 
LEUKOCYTES. 
Wilson and Chowning (1902a, p. 133; 1903a, p. 64) report a slight increase of 
leukocytes — from 12,000 to 13,000 (or 14,000, see 1903a, p. 50) — in 4 cases examined; 
further counts are given in 1904a, p. 39. 
Anderson (1903a, p. 507; 1903c, p. 22) says that the white cells are increased in 
number, varying from 8,000 to 12,000, the most interesting feature being an increase 
in the large mononuclears, which in an average of 2 cases gave 11.4 per cent. 
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes 77.7 
Large mononuclear leukocytes 11. 4 
Small lymphocytes 10.0 
Eosinophiles 9 
100.0 
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