66 
In case 11 (1901) the leukocytes ran np to 15,600 (Ashburn). It is 
a point of some interest that the increase in large mononuclears, as 
reported by Anderson, is in harmony with protozoan infection in so 
far that in malaria and kala-azar there is also an increase in lare-e 
mononuclears, but in canine piroplasmosis it is the pol}muclears which 
are increased. 
Comparisons. — For Texas fever Smith and Kilborne (1893, p. 50) say: “Any 
unusual increase in numbers was not noted in stained preparations of any case wdiich 
came under observation. In some cases an abnormal crowding together of leukocytes 
was observed in dried preparations, which crowding must be regarded as having 
existed within the blood vessels, for there was no time for any massing together 
after the blood had left the vessels.” 
In canine piroplasmosis there may be considerable leukocytosis, the number of 
leukocytes being increased 2, 3, or 4 times the normal, so that instead of having 
7,000 to 8,000 (normal), as many as 40,000 may be counted; the multiplication 
almost entirely affects the polynuclear elements, this being especially marked in 
slow- running cases (Xuttall, 1904, p. 238). 
HEMOGLOBIN 
In 5 cases examined during various stages of the disease, the hemoglobin was 50 to 60 
per cent; one child of 12 years, examined 2 months after convalescence, showed Hb. 80 
per cent (Wilson and Chowning, 1902a, p. 133; 1903a, p. 64; 1904a, p. 40). Anderson 
(1903a, p. 507; 1903c, p. 22) reports a steady but never very rapid decrease in the 
percentage of hemoglobin, one case going as low as 50 per cent. 
Comparison.^ — For canine piroplasmosis (Xuttall, 1904, p. 238) there is a great fall 
in the percentage of hemoglobin, namely, to 13, 12, 6.4, or even to 3.5 per cent. 
AVIDAL TEST. 
The Widal reaction with Bacillus typhosus is not present. (Wilson and Chowning, 
1902a, p. 133; 1903a, p. 64; 1904a, p. 40; Anderson, 1903a, p. 507; 1903c, pp. 22, 33, 
37.) 
PARASITES. 
See also page 19. 
Freshly drawn blood from patients during their illness when examined with a one- 
twelfth oil immersion objective shows parasites sparingly in the red blood cells 
(Wilson and Chowning, 1902a, p. 133; 1903a, p. 64; 1904a, p. 40). Blood was exam- 
ined from 3 recovered cases, 1 of 2 months, 1 of 1 year, and 1 of 2 years without find- 
ing the hematozoon (1903a, p. 64; 1904a, p. 40). Case 115, examined 14 days after 
patient had been discharged by physician, still showed parasites in the blood (1904a, 
p. 40). 
Anderson (1903a, 1903c) also reports the parasites in the blood. 
Ashburn and I have failed to contirm these observations; see 
pages 19. 
Comparison. — It will be recalled that Wilson and Chowning state that in “spotted 
fever” probably not over 0.2 per cent of the red cells in the circulating blood are 
infected, but the parasites are more common in the spleen and in certam other por- 
tions of the body. 
For Texas fever. Smith and Kilborne (1893, pp. 61-65) state that the numbers of 
infected corpuscles circulating in the blood during the high fever is usually quite 
small; 0.1 to 1 per cent would be a fair estimate in most cases. Toward the fatal 
termination there may be from 5 to 10 per cent of the corpuscles with the pyriform 
