67 
parasites present. Larger numbers of parasites are found within corpuscles in the 
capillary blood of congested areas, as is seen by the following table of a case in 
which 2 to 3 per cent of the circulating corpuscles were infected before the cow was 
killed: 
“In blood from skeletal muscles, very few infected corpuscles. 
“In blood from the right heart, very few infected corpuscles. 
“In blood from marrow of sixth rib, very few infected corpuscles. 
“In blood from the left heart, 2 to 3 per cent infected corpuscles. 
“In blood from lung tissue, 2 to 3 per cent infected corpuscles. 
“ In liver tissue, 10 to 20 per cent infected corpuscles. 
“In kidney tissue, 10 to 20 per cent infected corpuscles. 
“In hypera&mic fringes of omentum, 50 per cent infected corpuscles. 
“In heart muscle, 50 per cent and many free parasites.” — Smith and Kilborne, 
1893, page 62. 
In some cases the liver blood was infected to 40 or 50 per cent, and kidney blood 
to 80 or 90 per cent. 
Starcovici reports for hemoglobinuria that 90 per cent of the corpuscles in the kid- 
neys may show infection, but fewer infected corpuscles are found in the circulating 
blood. In carceag the blood in the spleen and in the hemorrhagic edema may be 
infected to 5 or 10 per cent. In the larger vessels scarcely 1 per cent. 
For canine piroplasmosis, Xuttall (1904, p. 228) reports that the parasites occur in 
the blood throughout the body, being most numerous in the internal organs. 
SPLEEN. 
The spleen is uniformly enlarged and tender on palpation (Wilson and Chowning, 
1902a, p. 133; 1903a, p. 64; 1904a, p. 40). It was 3 to 3^ times its normal weight; 
the capsule was distended and thinned; on section the tissue was found dark red 
and so soft as to be in most cases confluent; the outlines of the Malpighian bodies 
were obliterated; the omentum covering the spleen was usually congested (Wilson 
and Chowning, 1904a, p. 41). The spleen shows an engorgement with red blood 
cells and leukocytes; the outline of the Malpighian bodies are lost; there is a marked 
infiltration, of leukocytes, mostly of the polynuclear type, in the region of the Mal- 
pighian bodies; there is much blood pigment, both free and within phagocytes; many 
piroplasmata are present, both free and within red cells, many of which have been 
taken up by phagocytes. 
According to Anderson (1903c, p. 23), the spleen is enlarged early and may extend 
1 or 2 inches below the costal margin; on post-mortem (1903c, x>. 38) it is usually 
purple in color, soft, diffluent, and from 3 to 4 times its normal weight; the vessels 
are engorged with blood; many mononuclears are present containing from 1 to 4 red 
blood cells; there is no free pigment. In case 35 (1903c, p. 13) the spleen was 
much increased in size, and this was the only abnormal appearance at post-mortem; 
in case 121 (1903c, pp. 35-36) it was enlarged and easily palpable 1 inch below 
costal margin. 
Comparison. — In Texas fever the grayish Malpighian bodies and the whitish 
trabeculae have all disappeared from view within the distended pulp; a microscopic 
examination shows that the enlargement and peculiar color of the spleen tissue is 
due to an engorgement with red blood corpuscles. With this engorgement there 
may be associated a variable number of large cells containing coarse granules and 
from 2 to 12 red corpuscles, or else the remains of these corpuscles in the form of 
irregular clumps of yellowish pigment. The pigment is also free in masses of vari- 
able size. Examination of fresh pulp from siileens of healthy cattle shows that the 
presence of large quantities of free pigment of the form described is not uncom- 
mon. (Smith and Kilborne, 1893, page 28.) 
In carceag the follicles are usually indistinct and the spleen is hyperemic. 
