82 
to a less extent. In case 97 section of the left kidney showed slightly hemorrhagic 
areas, the cortex was normal in thickness; on section the cortex of the right kidney 
was thin and dark, and hemorrhagic areas were seen over the whole surface, extend- 
ing down to the pelvis. In case 107 the cortex of both kidneys, on section, was 
found congested. — IVilson and Chowning, 1903a, pp. 48, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58. Anderson 
(1903c, p. 33) reports for case 120 that on section the cortex was congested, the pyra- 
mids well outlined, and small hemorrhages about 1 mm. in diameter were present 
in the pelvis. 
In case 11 (1901) the section of the cortex of the left kidney showed 
little if any alteration; the cortex of the right kidney appeared some- 
what pale and thickened to Ashburn and myself, but to Mills it 
appeared about normal. 
Comparison. — In Texas fever. Smith and Kilborne (1893, pp. 31-32) report that 
“in a considerable number of cases a sero-sanguinolent condition of the connective 
tissue and fat about the kidneys is observed. In a few cases the ventral surface of 
the organ appeared like two large blood blotches. The portion of the abdominal 
wall upon which the dorsal surface of the kidneys rest is free from these effusions. 
“The kidneys themselves, like the other organs affected by this disease, vary 
more or less in color, according to the severity and stage of the disease. In those 
cases which succumb early in the fever and in which the bladder is filled with port 
wine colored urine, the kidneys are enlarged and of a uniform dark brownish-red 
color throughout. The usual markings are pretty well effaced. When fresh sec- 
tions are examined from different regions, the vascular system is found quite uni- 
formly engorged and distended with red corpuscles. The section is likewise sprinkled 
over with very minute pigment particles. Sometimes irregular masses of red 
corpuscles, run together as it were, are met with in the vessels of the pyramids. 
Lesions of the secreting structures are not discoverable. Hemorrhages are uncom- 
mon. In those cases which succumb after the haemoglobinuria and the fever have 
passed away, the kidneys are paler than usual and the texture is quite fiabby. Sec- 
tions of the fresh tissues show in the cortex a considerable amount of pigment. In 
some cases the convoluted tubules are the elected seat of pigment deposit, and the- 
epithelium of tliese tubes may be so filled with yellowish-red pigment that they 
are easily traceable in their windings by their decided color. Fatty changes are 
occasionally met with in the epithelium, and the straight tubules of the pyramids 
may be filled with fat globules. Degenerative or necrotic changes of the epithelium 
were not noticed in sections of hardened tissue from a few cases stained in various 
ways. In those cases in which the capillaries were filled with red corpuscles, the 
latter were usually all infected with Texas-fever parasites. The pelvis and its rami- 
fications were usually found beset with blood extravasations.” For haemoglobinuria 
of cattle, Starcovici states that the kidney capsule is hemorrhagic; a large hemor- 
rhagic spot is present over each kidney, extending to the peritoneum. The kidneys 
are large, stiff, brittle, and dark red. The lining membrane of the pelvis is swollen 
and ecchymotic. The kidney changes consist in an overfilling of the vessels, and 
especially of the glomeruli, with blood, and peculiar desquamative and fibrinous 
yellow masses in the lumena of the uriniferous tubules, the epithelia of which appear 
compressed and show parenchymatous alteration. 
For canine piroplasmosis, Xuttall (1904, pp. 236-237) records that according to 
Hutcheon the kidneys are more or less congested, at times edematous, with dark- 
brown cortex; according to Robertson, they are pale and friable; in France they are 
usually greatly congested, and the capsule strips easily, revealing numerous pete- 
chise; on section, the cortex seems to be congested, and shows petechiie; blood 
from kidney is very rich in parasites; in an acute case, yellowish-red fluid exuded 
on section. 
