84 
In 1904. the urine was reddish yellow and turbid in cases 5 and 11. 
with a heavy yellowish precipitate in case 11; it was of high color in 
case 13. 
Specific gravity. — For Idaho cases it is reported as of high specific gravity by Bow- 
ers (1896, p. 64). 
In 1904. the specific gravity was lOlS for case 11. 1U22 for case 9, 
1028 for case 5, and 1030 for case 13. 
Reaction. — Maxey (1899, p. 435) gives it as acid in Idaho. 
In 1904 the reaction was acid in cases 5. 9, and 11. 
Alburnen. — In Idaho cases no albumen was found by Fairchild (1896) and Maxey 
(1899, p. 435). 
In Montana AVilson and Chownmg (1903a, p. 64; 1904a, p. 40) found a small 
amount of albumen in each of 5 cases examined. Anderson (1903c, p. 23) states 
that a small amount of albumen was found in all cases examined, but his protocol of 
case 121 (pp. 34—37) denies albumen for this case; he gives albumen (pp. 31, 32) for 
case 120. Gates (1903, pp. 48, 49) gives slight amount of albumen for one case when 
first seen, and also for another case during the second week, while it was absent 
when first seen. Later (1905, pp. 111-113) Gates reports some albumen for his case 
11; none for case 14; a trace in case 15; some albumen was found at times in case 16. 
In 1904 albumen was found in case 5 (May 18). a trace was present 
in case 9. and a small amount in case 11. Xo albimien was found in 
cases 12 and 13. In none of these cases was a daily test made. 
Sugar . — Xo sug*ar was found in 1904 in cases 9, 11. 12. and 13. 
Urea . — Urea was 3.5 per cent in case 11 (1904). 
Bile . — Xo bile (Gmelin) was present in case 11 (1904). 
CaMs. — Both granular and blood casts were found in each of 5 cases examined by 
Wilson and Chowning (190.3a, p. 64), and later (1904a, p. 40) in 4 additional cases. 
Anderson (1903c, pp. 21, 23) states that granular, hyaline, and epithelial casts may 
be found; (p. 36) he found no casts in case 121; no casts (p. 31) were found, in case 
120 on Way 8, but granular and epithelial casts were present on May 11. Gates 
(1903, p. 49) reports some hyaline and granular casts for one case when first seen 
(May 11), and an enormous number of granular, blood, and epithelial casts for the 
same case in the last sample [date?] taken. Later (1905, p. 112) he reports numerous 
blood and epithelial casts for case 15 (1904), and says that the urine of case 16 con- 
tained many blood and epithelial casts, but later, by the end of the second week, 
it was free from casts. 
In 1904 granular casts were abundant in case 9. Case 11 contained 
abundant vaginal and small round epithelial cells, and numerous blood, 
epithelial, and granular casts, also much granular debris. 
Hematuria. — Anderson (1903c, pp. 31, 32) found no red blood cells in case 120, 
and Gates (1903, p. 49) reports red and white blood cells in the last sample taken in 
one case. See also blood ca.sts, under “Casts,” above, p. 84. 
In 1904 case 9 showed no blood. Case 11 showed free red and white 
blood cells (Ashburn). 
Hemoglobinuria. — Hemoglobinuria is reported as absent or very slight by AVilson 
and Chowning (1903a, p. 64; 1904a, p7 40). 
Deposits. — Maxey (1899, p. 435) says, in reference to Idaho cases, that the “urine 
