96 
on the ground that his experience with it had been so unsatisfactoiT. 
Ashburn also had grave doubts regarding its value and in case 3 he 
opposed it rather strongl}". 
In the 2 Bitter Root Valley cases of 1901 which recoA^ered, no quinine 
was used, and in the 5 cases in which it was used the patients not only 
showed no improvement, but died; in cases 12 and 13 also it was not 
used and the patients recovered. 
CoMPAEisoNS. — In connection with the statement by Wilson and Chowning quoted 
above, that Theiler observed that Piroplasma in the blood of horses in South Africa 
rapidly disappear on the administration of quinine and ammonium sulphide, it 
might he added that Nuttall (1904, pp. 248-249), in discussing canine piroplasmosis, 
says: 
“Apart from the specific treatment recorded above, there is very little to note 
regarding treatment. In South Africa, Hutcheon (1893, p. 477, and 1899, p. 400) 
recommended the use of repeated doses of ammonium chloride and belladonna, a 
form of treatment tried by Borthwick at Port Elizabeth with ‘excellent results.’ 
Subsequently Hutcheon obtained encouraging results from the use of quinine, benzoate 
of soda, and carbolic acid. Eobertson (1901, p. 332) states that he has tried quinine, 
calomel, ammonium chloride, extract of belladonna, carbolic acid, and finally ben- 
zoate of soda without satisfactory results. Carbolic acid appeared, in fact, to hasten 
death. He obtained the best results from a ‘ calomel pill to start with, then a calo- 
mel and quinine pill four times a day.’ Without stating the dose, he says that 
very large amounts of calomel are needed. Hutcheon does not appear to approve 
of the calomel treatment. In other words, the evidence as to treatment in South 
Africa appears to be somewhat contradictory. 
“In Europe, Pianaand Galli- Valerio (1895) attributed the recovery of the one dog 
they saw suffering from Piroplasmosis to the use of quinine. Almy (10, x, 1901, p. 
379) treated his dogs with quinine bromhydrate, but observed no effect therefrom, 
the remedy being as ineffective as quinine has been shown to be in the treatment 
of Tristeza {Piroplasmosis hovis). 
“Evidently there is no known remedy for canine Piroplasmosis, and it is open to 
question whether or no the dogs which have been successfully treated would not 
have recovered anyhow.” 
CALCIUM SULPHIDE AND CREOSOTE. 
“ Some physicians speak w^ell of calcium sulphide, and others of creosote.” — xAnder- 
son, 1903c, p. 40. 
PAIN. 
“For the severe pain in the head and back during the first week, Dover’s powders 
or morphine may be used.” — xlnderson, 1903c, p. 40. 
Morphine is used in this disease a number of the local physicians, 
and Mills called attention to the large doses which the patients 
could take. Case 11 (1901) in one day received 9 grains within 8 hours, 
and at another time -1.5 grains in 2 hours without noticeable effect. 
SKIN. 
“To produce an active skin, lower fever, and reduce pain, phenacetin acts well, 
and may be given as seems to be needed in 10 to 15 grain doses for a few days suc- 
ceeding the attack, without lowering the patient’s vitality to a noticeable degree.”— 
Gwinn, 1902. 
