87 
and the other in the central portion, namely, beneath the transverse 
muscles. These undoubtedh^ represent commissures which are known 
to occur in other forms, connecting the lateral longitudinal nerves. 
In the regions where these commissural nerves are given off the 
lateral nerves present ganglionic enlargements (Zschokke, 1889). The 
Fig. 80. — Male and female organs of H. diminiita. Transverse section: c.p., cirrus pouch; g.p., gen- 
ital pore; or., ovary; ree. sem., receptaculum seminis; s. g., shell gland; testis; ut., uterus; vag., 
vagina; v. dej., vas deferens; v. ef., vas efferens; ve-s. sem., vesicula seminalis; y. g., yolk gland. 
Enlarged. (After Zschokke, 1889, pi. 2, fig. 22.) 
nerve timnks turn inward in the scolex, become thicker and are 
united at the base of the rostellum by a commissure richly supplied 
with nerve cells. Four nerves extend forward along’ the sides of the 
rostellum, within which, also, nervous elements are distinguishable. 
Although neither an anterior nerve ring surrounding the anterior part 
of the rostellum, nor nerves to the suckers have been deffnitely seen, 
Zschokke (1889) considers their exis- 
tence probable, upon the basis of 
analogy with other forms. 
Muscular system. — Besides the 
subcuticular circular and longitudi- 
nal muscle fibres, there are present 
throughout the strobila, longitudi- 
nal, transverse, and dorso-ventral 
muscle fibers. The longitudinal 
fibers are arranged in bundles of 8 
to 15 fibers which are placed in two 
series, an outer series or layer just 
beneath the layer of flask-like sub- 
cuticular cells which lie beneath the 
cuticula, and a second series, more or less distinct from the first, and 
more internally situated. The bundles are connected by numerous 
oblique fibers. The number of bundles is variable, l)ut the bundles 
of the outer layer are more numerous than those of the second. Fol- 
lowing the longitudinal fibers forward into the neck and scolex, the 
fibers of the outer series are seen, by the study of sections, to be 
derived from subcuticular longitudinal fibers of that region, while the 
fibers of the inner series continue on into the scolex and attach to the 
suckers and rostellum, relations already established by Liihe (189d, 
Fig. 81. — Point of union of female canals of H. 
diminuta: ovd., oviduct; ov. isth., isthmus 
connecting the right and left lobes of the 
ovary; rec. sem., receptaculum seminis; s. g., 
shell gland; y. d., yolk duct. Enlarged. 
(After Zschokke. 1889. pi. 2, fig. 23.) 
