28 
pose it to be due to contamination from the sheep: in many cases the 
patients are very sick, the attack lasting several months; some fatal 
cases have occurred. 
Dr. AV. L. Samuels, of Winnemucca, has written to me under date 
of November Id, 190d, that ** spotted fever" makes its appearance from 
time to time in Paradise and in a locality near the sink of Quinn River. 
Both of these localities are sheep countries, and the presence of bands 
of sheep is supposed to pollute the water courses; this is popular belief 
throughout this section. He says: 
I had no cases in 1904, but 2 well-marked cases last year (1903). The first was an 
old man, a sheep herder, from the Quinn River country. My second case was a school- 
girl, age 18, who had attended a school picnic in Cross Canyon, about 7 miles from 
tovm. I questioned her closely as to the possibility of a tick bite, but she said that 
she did not rememl^er having any ticks on her for months past. However, a band 
of sheep had been driven through the upper end of the canyon the same week she 
attended the picnic. 
Both of my cases showed marked tendency to collapse, requiring heart stimulants 
all the time. Outside of that the treatment consisted of maintaining the body tem- 
perature and a careful attention to the diet. 
I have been informed by the people who have had the disease, and who have seen 
numerous cases, that if the patient gets chilled the results are fatal, and my experi- 
ence with the girl mentioned above makes me think there is something in that 
point. She got the covers off one night, and I spent several hours with her before 
her condition became satisfactory again. 
I think there has been a marked diminution in the number of cases noted in this 
locality in the last five or six yeai*s. 
Oregon . — According- to Anderson (1903c. p. S). the mild form of the 
disease has been reported in ea.stern Oregon, but he does not state 
where and by whom it was observed. 
Vtah . — Sweet (1S96) states that the disease does not to his knowl- 
edge occur in Utah, but Smith (1905) (see below, p. 116) reports a 
possible case. 
AJaslxi . — McCullough (1902. p. 225) says that reports show that 
the same disease occurs in Alaska, and Gwinn (1902) says that he has 
repeatedly read newspaper accounts of a disease about Klondike 
which very much resembled "spotted fever." 
COMPARISON WITH THE OTHER DISEASES. 
Bovine jnropJasmosis occurs in the United States, West Indies, Argentine, South- 
ern Venezuela. Uruguay, and apparently Brazil; in Australia, Africa (Algiers, 
Egypt, Uganda, Kamerun, Cape Colony, German East Africa, etc.); in southwest 
Russia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Roumania. Turkey, Italy, France, Germany, Finland. 
Norway, and perhaps in Great Britain (Nuttall, 1904, p. 220). Texas fever may 
extend from 37° to 38° north latitude to the Gulf of 5Iexico (for exact area, see maps 
published by the United States Bureau of Animal Industry). Hemoglobinuria is 
found in certain swampy regions on the Danul3e. 
Ovine piroplasmosis is reported from Roumania, Italy, Turkey, France, and a simi- 
lar affection occurs in St. Thomas, West Indies, and in South Africa. Johnson 
reports piroplasmatic ictero-hematuria for Deer Lodge, Mont. According to Balies, 
the cases on the lower Danube occur in marshy regions. 
