53 
(Gwinn, 1902). Two physicians have noted epistaxis; it was not observed in 1902, 
but was seen in 3 cases in 1903 (Wilson and Chowning, 1903a, p. 65; 1904a, p. 40). 
According to Anderson (1903c, pp. 21, 23, 32, 36-37), however, nosebleed is always 
present, usually from the end of the first week, and is sometimes quite severe; he 
reports it for cases Nos. 120 and 121. 
In 1904, nosebleed was reported as not present in case 9; slight in 
case 6; frequent, but not excessive, during last live da 3 ^s in case 7. 
MOUTH AND THROAT. 
See also Cough, page 71. 
Idaho . — Sore mouth and congested fauces are met with (Bowers, 1896, p. 64). 
Many cases suffer from congestion of the throat, which is very sensitive and painful 
and interferes with swallowing (Fairchild, 1896). 
Montana . — The mouth is parched and dry (McCullough, 1902, p. 227) ; there was 
a bad taste in the mouth in case 89 (Wilson and Chowning, 1903a, p. 49); also in 
case 120 (Anderson, 1903c, p. 30). Gates (1903, p. 48) reports sore throat in one 
case. Wilson and Chowning (1903a, p. 49) report intense thirst in case 89. 
In 1901, the lips were dry, blood stained, and crusted in cases 2 and 
7 ; sordes were present on lips and tongue in case 11. 
There was no eruption in the mouth or throat in cases 3, 9, and 10. 
In case 3 the fauces and phaiynx were much injected and showed 
adherent mucus-pus. 
Sore throat was not noticed in cases 7 and 10; in case 2 there was 
marked irritation in the throat, and it was very sore to the touch; in 
case 3 the throat was at one time veiy sore, but it improved later; in 
case 5 the throat was slightly sore, but showed no marked injection; 
in case 5 sore throat was an early s^^mptom; in case 8 the throat was 
slightly sore. 
In case 2 there was marked huskiness of voice. 
In cases 2 and 8 there was intense thirst. 
Comparisons . — The pharynx and larynx are hyperemic in hemoglobinuria, and 
the mucosa is swollen in carceag. 
BREATH. 
Gwinn (1902) states that in one case the odor of the breath gave evidence of 
gangrene of the lungs. Anderson (1903c, p. 29) reports a peculiar sweetish odor to 
the breath in case 120. 
In 1901, case 3 presented an unusuall}" offensive breath, which dur- 
ing the last stages became absolutel}" nauseating; the breath of this 
patient during health was said to be veiy offensive. Cases 9 and 11 
presented a more or less urinous odor to the breath. 
TONGUE. 
Jda/io. —Bowers (1896, p. 64) reports the tongue as thick and furred. Collister 
(1896, p. 63) says that it is usually covered with a whitish or yellowish fur, but in 
severe typhoidal cases is dry, red, and glazed. Fairchild (1896) describes it as 
coated by a whitish fur with red edges early in the disease; later, the whitish coat 
usually disappears and the tongue becomes red and frequentl}' dry and brown or 
black. Springer (1896, p. 62) says that the tongue has a yellowish-whitecoat with 
