59 
what enlarged for 89, enlarged though not markedly so for case 93, noticeably 
enlarged for case 107. Anderson (1903c, p. 33) reports the liver as enlarged (weight 
92.5 ounces) for case 120. 
In 1901: the liver was not enlarged (on Ma}^ 10) in case 3; in case 11, 
on post-mortem, it was apparently somewhat enlarged. 
Comparison. — In Texas fever and hemoglobinuria the liver is reported as enlarged. 
In canine piroplasmosis the liver may be normal in size in acute cases or in some 
cases it may be enormously enlarged. 
Color . — The liver was apparently normal in color in cases 94, 97; it was paler than 
normal in cases 89, 91, 107, and quite pale in case 93 (Wilson and Chowning, 1903a, 
pp. 48, 51, 53, 54, 56, 58); it was pale also in case 120 (Anderson, 190.3c, p. 33). 
Id 190T, the liver was paler than normal in case 11, with }^ellowish 
tinge, apparent!}" due to fat. 
Comparisons. — In Texas feA^er the color of the surface is usually paler than in nor- 
mal livers, and in most cases of a peculiar mottled appearance. The mottling is due 
to minute irregular grayish-yellow patches, usually 1 mm. or less in diameter. Star- 
covici reports the liver as pale and marbled in hemoglobinuria and pale in carceag. 
Nuttall reports, in reference to canine piroplasmosis, that the liver in an acute case 
was yellowish; it is usually congested, at times inflamed, and of mahogany or saffron 
color. 
Section . — In case 97 the liver cut easily and was quite light in color on section; in 
case 107 it was of normal consistency and showed no congestion; in case 89 it showed 
no adhesions, and in cases 89, 91 it was of normal consistency and Avas not congested; 
it AA'as normal in consistency in case 93 (Wilson and ChoAvning, 1903a,. pp. 48, 51, 
53, 54, 56, 58). In case 120 it Avas fatty in appearance, and in some areas outlined 
by engorged bile ducts (Anderson, 1903c, p. 33). 
In 19(>1:, section of the liver of case 11 was decidedly pale. What 
little blood floAved was also A^ery pale; tissue was firm but apparently 
not libroid. 
Comparison. — In Texas feA"er, when incised, the parenchyma of the liver Avas 
remarkably bloodless in most cases, and a lac-colored thick blood poured from the 
cut ends of the larger hepatic Amins; the color of the cut surface Avas either a uni- 
formly broAvnish-yelloAV or else mottled as on the surface; the mottling, on closer 
scrutiny with the naked eye or hand lens, Avas found to be due to a paler yellowish 
discoloration of the zone bordering the intralobular veins; this zone of discoloration 
Avas the Avider the more prolonged the disease, and in a few cases inAmh’ed the 
entire lobule; parallel to this degenerative process the consistency of the organ 
became less resistant, more doughy, and brittle. In thin razor sections of fresh 
tissue the most striking phenomenon aa^s the Ailing up of the ultimate bile canal i- 
culi so that the hepatic cells Avere inclosed in polygons of yelloAV lines forming a 
beautiful network; Avhen the liAmr is teased and crushed, the contents of these bile 
canaliculi may be found floating free in the form of rods, sometimes Avith Y-shaped 
ends; this stasis or Ailing up of the ultimate bile capillaries AA’as present in nearly all 
animals examined; it Avas most pronounced in those Avhose death folloAved quickly 
after a high feAmr; in one case killed in the earl}’ days of the fever the liver Avas the 
seat of marked congestion, the bile stasis not having taken place yet. The extent 
of this stasis A’aries considerably. It may be seen in small isolated areas or else it 
may iiiA’oh’e a large continuous territory. OAving to absence of connective tissue 
between the lobules it is quite impossible in fresh sections to make out accurately 
its distribution. It seems to be most frequently met Avith in the innermost or 
hepatic zone of the lobule, but it may also be found involving the entire lobule. 
