61 
always been found pervious, and in many cases an abundance of bile is found in the 
small intestine (Smith and Kil borne, 1893, p. 31). 
For bovine hemoglobinuria, Starcovici states that there is thick, dark bile in the 
gall bladder. 
In canine piroplasmosis the bile is usually thick, sirupy, grumous or dark green, 
and distends the gall bladder. 
Thus, if ‘‘spotted fever” is a piroplasmosis, the disease differs in its 
effects upon the gall of man from the effects shown in bovine and 
canine piroplasmosis. 
PANCREAS. 
Anderson ^ IhoC"- pp. 33, 38) states that the pancreas is about twice its normal 
weight; in ..ase 120 it was normal in appearance, except enlargement (5 ounces). 
In case 11 (1901) the pancreas was apparently normal. 
ClKCULATORY SYSTEM. 
HEAET. 
Upon autopsy, the epicardium usually contained a few petechial hemorrhages near 
the base of the left ventricle; pericardium was normal; the myocardium was softened ; 
the right ventricle was filled with dark fluid blood, the left was almost empty or 
contained only a small clot; the capillaries of the heart are distended; there is not 
much extravasation of red cells, but considerable round-cell infiltration; ail the cases 
show considerable parenchymatous degeneration; those cases in which round-cell 
infiltration is marked also show swelling of the muscle-fiber nuclei with fragmen- 
tation (Wilson and Chowning, 1904a, pp. 41, 42). 
Pericardium . — The pericardium was normal in cases 107, 89, 91, 93, 97, and 94 
(Wilson and Chowning, 1903a, pp. 48, 51, 52, 54, 56, 58); also in case 120 (Anderson, 
1903c, p. 33). 
The pericardial cavity contained an excess of fluid in cases 107 and 91 (Wilson and 
Chowning, 1903a, pp. 48, 51); fluid w^as not increased in cases 93 and 97 (1903a, pp. 
53, 56), and about 2 ounces of fluid was present in case 120 (Anderson, 1903c, p. 33). 
In case 11 (1904) there was an apparent excess of clear, straw-colored 
fluid. 
Epicardium contained no hemorrhagic areas in case 107 ; in case 93 it showed on 
ventral surface of left ventricle several small hemorrhagic areas (Wilson and Chown- 
ing, 1903a, pp. 48, 54) . 
There were no ecchymotic areas over the surface of the heart in case 89; in cases 
97 and 94 there were hemorrhagic areas over both ventricles; in case 91 there was 
one small ecchymotic spot in the right ventricle (Wilson and Chowning, 1903a, pp. 
51, 53, 56, 58). In case 120, there were a few small hemorrhages over the left ven- 
tricle near the interventricular groove under the pericardium; small chicken- fat 
clots were found in the auricles (Anderson, 1903c, p. 33). 
The heart was normal in size in cases 107, 97, and 94 (Wilson and Chowning, 
1903a, pp. 48, 56, 58); it was somewhat dilated in case 89 (1903a, p. 51). 
In case 11 (1904) the heart was distended with blood; in general, it 
seemed normal. 
The muscle was normal or perhaps a trifle softened in case 107, apparently some- 
what softened in cases 91, 93, and soft in case 97 (Wilson and Chowning, 1903a, pp. 
48, 53, 54); much softened and pale in case 89, soft in case 97 (1903a, pp. 51, 56). In 
case 120 the myocardium of the right heart was somewhat pale and flabby (Anderson, 
1903a, p. 33). 
