85 
! 
( 
f 
I 
is loaded with amorphous urates,” and Anderson (1903c, p. 31) reports heavy deposit 
of phosphates in case 120, in Montana. 
Post-mortam . — Anderson (1903c, p. 38) states that usually a small quantity of highly 
colored urine is found in the bladder on post-mortem examination. (See under Blad- 
der, p. 83.) 
Comparison. — For Texas fever. Smith and Kilborne describe the urine as follows: 
“Next to the high temperature the condition of the urine demands our attention. 
The one sign regarded as peculiar and pathognomonic in this disease is the discharge 
of urine having the color of blood. This color is not due to a discharge of blood 
from the kidneys and subsequent breaking up of the red corpuscles, but to a filtra- 
tion of the coloring matter of broken-down red corpuscles (haemoglobin) already in 
solution in the circulation into the urine in the excretory structures of the kidneys. 
This fact was first pointed out in 1868 by R. Cresson Stiles. In using the term 
haemoglobinuria this is all that is meant in this report. * * * Haemoglobinuria 
may be said to be present in most acute fatal cases of Texas fever. Out of 46 fatal cases 
in which urine was in the bladder after death, haemoglobin was present in 33 cases. 
A careful examination of the notes will show that in 13 negative cases the animals 
were killed in the earliest stages of the fever, or else they died or were killed 
i after the number of blood corpuscles had been greatly reduced and the acute 
' stage of the disease was over. In the former cases the haemoglobin had not yet been 
set free from the corpuscles; in the latter cases it had probably been eliminated one 
or more days before death. How frequently ‘red water’ is passed before death we 
can not state with any degree of certainty, since its discharge may wholly escape 
observation. AVe have a record of haemoglobinuria in but four cases: In No. 43 on 
the third day before it was killed (probably 12 to 24 hours before death) , and in No. 
198, 24 hours before death. In some of these cases it so happened that the urine was 
I passed while the animal was undergoing examination. It is interesting to note in 
connection with the statements made that in No. 44 no ‘red water’ was found in 
the bladder after death, although it had been passed 4 days previously. AVhether 
j haemoglobinuria is always present in acute cases of Texas fever, it is impossible to state 
I definitely. As it seems to depend upon the rapidity with which the red blood cor- 
1 j : puscles are infected and destroyed, a slower destruction may allow other organs to 
take charge of the debris and thus forestall the discharge of haemoglobin in the urine. 
I|| Tn the notes will be found the record of haemoglobinuria in but one acute case which 
■ recovered (No. 49), while in a number of cases in which the urine was collected, some- 
- times in the height of the fever, sometimes after it had departed, no haemoglobinuria 
/’ was detected. In this solitary case the high temperature first appeared August 18. 
On August 23, the temperature being still above 105°, the urine was free from haemoglo- 
bin, but contained a small quantity (0.05 per cent) of albumen. On August 27 the 
temperature had become normal, but a second paroxysm followed soon after, and on 
September 4 and 5 the urine was of a port-wine color. Urine collected September 6 
} was again of normal color. The urine during the fever, when free from haemo- 
1 globin, contains in many instances a small quantity of albumen. The specific gravity 
j may at first be high (1,030 to 1,040), and it may be strongly alkaline and effervesce 
j with acids as in health, but, as the disease progresses, and when the animal eats but 
■ little, its specific gravity will fall to 1,010 to 1,020; it fails to effervesce with acids and 
'■ is faintly alkaline or even slightly acid. AVhen the fever has subsided the urine has 
( been observed to be in a few cases very watery, i. e., of very low specific gravity and 
[' feeble in color. AVithin one or two weeks, however, the normal condition is restored. 
I “The urine which contains the coloring matter of the blood varies, as might be 
ij expected, very much in depth of color, according to the concentration of the luemo- 
I globin. It may have a very light claret color, or it may be so deeply tinted as to appear 
• opaque and blackish. In a test tube when viewed by transmitted light it may barely 
permit the light to pass unless diluted with water. Such urine is, as a rule, entirely 
