25 
BENZINUM PLRIFICATUM. 
Purified Petroleum Beuzin. 
For certain purposes — as, for instance, the preparation of deodor- 
ized tincture of opium — the ordinary U. S. P. Benzinum (Petroleum 
Benzin or “petroleum ether”) is not sufficiently pure, hence the intro- 
duction of the purified product. The process of purification provided 
by the Pharmacopoeia is designed to remove some of the heavier hydro- 
carbons and foreign, malodorous substances. 
Petroleum ether is occasionally used in the preparation of mixtures 
for the production of general angesthesia. Schleich has recommended 
three different mixtures for use in operations of short, moderate, and 
considerable duration, respective!}^ : 
I. 
II. 
III. 
Chloroform 
45.0 
45. 0 
30.0 
Ether 
180.0 
150.0 
80.0 
Petroleum ether (boiling point 1 
60-65° C.) 1 
15. 0 
15.0 
15.0 
Boiling point of the mixture 
CO 1 
00 1 
o , 
p 1 
40° C. 
42° C. 
As Schleich’s theory turns entirely on the boiling point of the 
resulting mixture, it may be well to remember that the boiling point 
of Benzinum (IT. S. P.) is given at 45^-60° C. Schleich’s mixtures 
are said, however, to have no constant boiling point. 
(For other general angesthetic mixtures, based upon Schleich’s 
researches, see under ^thylis Chloridum.) 
BENZ0SULPHIMDU3I. 
Benzosulpliinide. 
Saccharin. 
c.h.<®02>nh 
Official as Saccharinum in the Austrian and Swiss Pharmacopoeias, as 
Glusidum (Gluside) in the British Pharmacopoeia, and as Acide anh}"- 
droorthosulfamide-benzoique in the French. It is variously known 
as glucusimide^ saccharol, saccharmol^ saccharinose, agucarine^ etc. 
Chemistry. — Chemicall}" it is the anhydride of ortho-sulphamide- 
benzoic acid (benzo}d sulphonic-imide). Its derivation from toluol 
(from which it is usually made) is shown b}’ the following formulas: 
C,H,CH3-> 
Toluol 
C H <^^3^(1) TT 
SOoNH. 
X2) 
o-Toluolsulphonic-acid 
o-Toluolsulpliamide 
o-Sulphamide-benzoic Anhydride of o-sul- 
aeid phamide-benzoic 
acid (Saccharin) 
