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COCAINA. 
Cocaine. 
CnH,,NO, 
Official under same name in the British Pharmacopoeia. An alkaloid 
obtained from several varieties of Coca. Hitherto only the most 
frequently used salt of Cocaine — the hj^drochloride — was official in 
the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. 
Properties.— Slightly soluble in water (1:600), much more so in 
alcohol (1:5), more readily in both when warm; insoluble in glycerin. 
Cocaine is a methyl compound of benzoylecgonine. When it is 
boiled with water methyl alcohol is first split off, then benzoic acid; 
these changes occur more rapidly with dilute acids or barium hydrox- 
ide. Conversel}" cocaine may be built up by introducing the methyl 
and benzoyl groups into ecgonine (a compound having the empirical 
formula 
Cocaine is contained in the newly introduced Oleatum Cocainae. 
Dose. — “Average dose: 0.030 Gm. = 30 milligrammes (i grain).” 
(U. S. P.) 
Substitutes for Cocaine. — A number of synthetic compounds with 
names suggestive of that of cocaine have recently been introduced as 
local anaesthetics. Among the best known of these are heta-eucaine 
(the hydrochloride of benzoyl-vinyl-diacetonealkamin); holocaine^ 
which may be regarded as a derivative of acetphenetidin (phenace- 
tin)\ tropacocaine (benzoylpseudotropein); nlrvanin^ aiidesthin (para- 
amido-benzoic acid ester) and ortlioforni^ complex derivatives of benzoic 
acid. Stovain is a recent addition to this group. 
codeine: phosfhas. 
Codeine Phosphate. 
Official under, same name in the British Pharmacopoeia and as Codei- 
num phosphoricum in the German. Hitherto the free alkaloid alone 
was official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. 
Character. — “Fine, white, needle-shaped ciystals or crystalline 
powder, without odor, and having a bitter taste.” 
Solubility. — Soluble in 2.25 parts of water, 261 parts of alcohol, 
more so when either is warmed. The aqueous solution has a slightly 
acid reaction to litmus. 
Dose. — “Average dose: 0.03 Gm. = 30 milligrammes (i grain).” 
(U. S. P.) 
