29 
Broers ® demonstrated the ability of the typhoid bacillus to live in 
milk and butter for from two to three weeks. 
Bruck in 1903 ^ took ordinary market milk and infected it with 
the bacillus typhosus. He then ran the milk thus treated through 
a separator and found the viable organism persisting in the cream 
for ten days after separation. Butter made from this cream showed 
the presence of the viable bacillus for twenty-seven days. The bacil- 
lus typhosus could be recovered from the buttermilk for ten days. 
Pfuhl ^ showed the ability of the Eberth bacillus to persist in market 
milk for thirteen days and in butter for twenty-four days. 
Eyre ^ undertook experiments to demonstrate the growth of the 
t}^phoid bacillus in milk. To avoid the false ideas arising from the 
use of the sterilized product, he drew the milk from a healthy cow 
under aseptic conditions and gives the following results showing the 
possible rate of increase: 
0 hours. 
2 hours. 
4 hours. 
6 hours. 
8 hours. 
12 hours. 
24 hours. 
B. typhosus 
78 
50 
42 
42 
46 
460 
6,000 
This shows a decrease for the first few hours, due to the germicidal 
action of fresh milk. In another case the count showed the following : 
0 hours. 
24 hours. 
48 hours. 
7 days. 
B. typhosus 
78 
60, 000 
10,300,000 
440, 000,000 
SUMMARY OF EPIDEMICS. 
Of the 179 typhoid epidemics reported as spread by milk, compiled 
by the writer, 107 occurred in the United States, 43 in Great Britain, 
23 in continental Europe, 3 in Australia, 1 in New Zealand, and 2 in 
Canada ; all cases enumerated in the outbreak were reported as living 
in houses supplied with the suspected milk in 96 of the epidemics ; a 
case, suffering from the disease at such a time as to have been the pos- 
sible source of infection, was found at the producing farm, distrib- 
uting dairy, or milk shop in 113 cases; the outbreak was supposed to 
have been due to bottles returned from infected households and re- 
filled and distributed without previous sterilization in 4 cases; the 
® Broers (C. W.), Nederlandsch. Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, 1904, XL, p. 
1260. 
6 Bruck, Deut. Med. Woch., 1903, XXIX, p. 460. 
Pfuhl, Zeit. Hyg., 1902, XL, p. 555. 
^Eyre (J. .W.), Jour. State Med., London, 1904, XII, p. 728, 
