387 
stomach of the calf. The following are the more important conclu- 
sions which he has drawn from these investigations : 
(1) Formaldehyde in the proportion of 1:20,000 preserves the 
milk for forty-eight hours. 
(2) Formaldehyde in milk in the proportion of 1: 10,000 does not 
interfere with the digestion of the milk when it is fed to calves. 
(3) Upon feeding calves through a long period with milk pre- 
served with formaldehyde the calves remained healthy and gained 
in weight. 
(4) Formaldehyde added to milk in the proportion of 1:2,500 or 
less has no effect on the activity of the fresh enzymes,* rennet, pepsin, 
pancreatin, and steapsin, in vitro. 
(5) Formaldehyde added to starch in the proportion of 1 : 2,500 or 
less has no effect on the conversion of the starch into sugar by the 
enzymes ptyalin and amylopsin, in vitro. 
(6) Formaldehyde added to milk in sufficient quantity to preserve 
the milk for forty- eight hours — i. e., 1 : 20,000 — does not materially 
interfere with the action of the enzyme galactase, in vitro. 
(7) Formaldehyde added to milk in the proportion of 1:20,000 
prevents the development of the more common bacteria found in 
milk and when added in the proportion of 1 : 1,560 it kills these 
bacteria. 
(8) Formaldehyde may be added to milk in sufficient quantities 
to preserve the milk and to prevent the development of some of the 
more common bacteria — i. e., 1 : 10,000 — and still have no deleterious 
effect on the digestibility of the milk for calves. 
(9) Formaldehyde should never be fed to calves as a milk pre- 
servative stronger than 1 part of formaldehyde to 10,000 parts of 
milk. 
According to Price the results obtained by the majority of inves- 
tigators who have experimented with formaldehyde are of no value, 
inasmuch as at least the majority of them employed formaldehyde 
solutions varying in concentration from 1 : 25 to 1 : 2,000, these quan- 
tities being A^ery much larger than the quantities of formaldehyde 
used in the preservation of milk in practice. At the close of his arti- 
cle Price gives the folloAving bibliography of the subject: 
(1) Salkowski u. Hahn, Pfliiger’s Archiv., Bd. LIX u. LXIII ; Moraczewski, 
Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., B. XX. 
(2) Babcock and Russell, Wis. Ann. Kept. Bx. Stat., Vol. XIV, 1897, p. 161. 
(3) Snyder, Minn. Ex. Stat. Bull. No. 74. 
(4) Babcock and Russell, Wis. Ann. Rept. Ex. Stat., Vol. XV, 1898, p. 77. 
(5) Van Slyke, Rept. N. Y. Ex. Stat., Vol. XX, 1901, p. 165. 
(6) Loew, Ann. Agronom., Vol. XCVIII, p. 416; Pottevin, Ann. de I’lnst. 
Pasteur, 1897, p. 807 ; Symons, Jonr. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. XIX, 1897, p. 724 ; 
Foulerton, Lancet, Vol. XI, 1899, p. 1578 ; Bliss and Novy, Jour. Ex. Med., Vol. 
