774 
of a bacteriologist are most needed in connection with milk-inspection 
work. The bacteriological examination of milk as it reaches the city 
would show the location of the farms sending in persistently milk 
containing relatively large numbers of bacteria as compared with the 
general milk suppty. The occurrence of such high bacterial counts 
being a sure indication of faulty methods of milking or of handling 
milk, inspection could be directed against the offending farms, farms 
having good records being inspected with less frequency, if necessary, 
to permit this to be done effectively. 
Having arrived at the farm, the inspector investigates the condition 
of the premises and of the dairy apparatus and utensils used in con- 
nection therewith, and examines into the condition and health of the 
cattle. He must rely upon his own powers of observation so far as is 
possible. 'When this is not possible he must learn what can be learned 
by inquiry. For instance: A knowledge of the prevailing method of 
milking and of the promptness and thoroughness of cooling milk 
is very essential in every case, but in view of the distances between 
dairy farms the inspector commonly can not visit on a single day, at 
milking time, more than one, and rarely more than two farms; he, 
therefore, can not always obtain information Avith respect to this 
matter by his own observation, but must depend upon the statements 
of the farmer and of the farmer's help Avith respect to it. The same 
is true to an eA^en greater extent with respect to the possible presence 
on the daily farm of communicable diseases, such as typhoid fever or 
scarlet feA^er. XeA^er is the A^eterinary inspector able to report posi- 
tiA^ely, solely as the result of his own obserA^ation, the existence of any 
such disease on the premises ; he must rely on such information as he 
is able to obtain from the farmer and those about the place, and to 
pick up from others in the neighborhood. 
Should an inspector of dairy farms, as the result of his examina- 
tion of the premises and of the cattle, find conditions in Auolation of 
the regulations goA^erning such matters, his course is gOA^erned to a 
considerable extent by the location of the farm, Avhether it be within 
or Avithout the District of Columbia. If the farm be Avithin the Dis- 
trict the only means available for the enforcement of compliance Avith 
law is prosecution in the police court ; the offense is committed Avithin 
the District, and the proprietor of the farm who is responsible for 
such offense is within the reach of ordinary criminal process. On the 
other hand, if the farm is located outside of the District, the offense, 
in so far as relates to the condition of the premises and cattle, is com- 
mitted in another jurisdiction and not only is the offender beyond the 
reach of any ordinary criminal process issuing out of the courts of 
the District, but the condition of the farm, located as it is in another 
State, is not and can not be in Auolation of the laws of the District of 
Columbia so as to render the proprietor criminally liable. His of- 
