810 
prove to the satisfaction of the court that he had purchased the article in ques- 
tion as the same in nature, substance, and quality as that demanded of him by 
the purchaser, and with a written warranty to that effect ; that he had no rea- 
son to believe at the time when he sold it that the article was otherwise, and 
that he sold it in the same state as when he purchased it, he shall be discharged 
from the prosecution. 
(b) In the case of food: First, if any substance or substances have been 
mixed with it so as to reduce or lower or injuriously affect its quality or 
strength; second, if an inferior or cheaper substance or substances have been 
substituted wholly or in part for it ; third, if any valuable constitutent has been 
wholly or in part abstracted from it ; fourth, if it is an imitation of or is sold 
under the name of another article ; fifth, if it consist wholly or in part of a de- 
ceased, decomposed, putrid, or rotten animal or vegetable substance, whether 
manufactured or not ; sixth, if it is colored, coated, polished, or powdered 
whereby damage is concealed, or if it is made to appear better or of greater 
value than it really is; seventh, if it contains any added poisonous ingredient 
or any ingredient which may render it injurious to the health of a person 
consuming it ; eighth, in the case of milk, if it contains less than three and one- 
half per centum of fat, less than nine per centum of solids not fat, and contains 
more than eighty-seven and one-half per centum of water ; in the case of cream, 
if it contains less than twenty per centum of butter fat ; ninth, in the case of 
butter or cheese, if it is not made exclusively from milk or cream, or both, with 
or without common salt ; the butter, if it contains more than twelve per centum 
of water, more than five per centum of salt, and less than eighty -three per 
centum of fat; tenth, in the case of coffee, if it is not composed entirely of the 
seed of the Caffea arabica ; eleventh, in the case of lard, if it is not made exclu- 
sively from the rendered fat of the healthy hog; twelfth, in the case of tea, 
if it is not composed entirely of the genuine leaf of the tea plant not exhausted ; 
thirteenth, in the case of all kinds of vinegar, if it contains an acidity equiva- 
lent to the presence of less than four per centum of absolute acetic acid ; and 
cider vinegar, if it is not made from the pure apple juice and contains less than 
one and five-tenths per centum of total solids; fourteenth, in the case of cider, 
if it is not made from the legitimate product of pure apple juice; in the case 
of wines and fruit juices, if not made from the pure fruit as represented; and 
in the case of cider, wines, fruit juices, and malt liquors, if not free from sali- 
cylic acid or other preservatives; and in the case of malt liquors, if not free 
from picric acid, cocculus indicus, colchicine, colocynth, aloes, and wormwood; 
fifteenth, in the case of glucose, if it contains more than five one-hundredths 
per centum of ash ; sixteenth, in the case of fiour, if it is not composed entirely 
of one single ground cereal ; seventeenth, in the case of bread, if there is any 
addition of alum, sulphate of copper, borax, or sulphate of zinc, or other poi- 
sonous or harmful ingredient, and if it contains more than thirty-one per centum 
of moisture, more than two per centum of ash, and less than six and twenty-five 
one-hundredths per centum of albuminoids; eighteenth, in the case of olive oil, 
if it is not made exclusively from the olive berry (Olea europjea), and its spe- 
cific gravity at fifteen and six-tenths degrees centigrade; (sixty degrees Fahren- 
heit) “actual density” to be not more than nine hundred and seventeen one- 
thousandths nor less than nine hundred and fourteen one-thousandths : Pro- 
vided, That an offense shall not be deemed to be committed under this section 
in the following cases, that is to say, first, where the order calls for an article 
of food or drug inferior to such standard, or where such difference is made 
known by being plainly written or printed on the package; second, where the 
article of food or drug is mixed with any matter or ingredient not injurious to 
