32 
5. F. falconis Gmelin, 1790a; considered identical with either F. foveolata 1858, 
or with F. nodispina 1858. 
6. F. ciconix Gmelin, 1790a; incompletely known, possibly identical with 
Dicheilonema lahiatum. 
C. In insects: Eight species belong here, but it is clear that Mueller intended to 
separate them from Filaria. 
Of the species mentioned above, it is clear that either martis or 
falconis should be taken as type of Filaria^ and as circumstances dis- 
tinctly favor martis^ this was designated type by Stiles & Hassall 
(1905, 106). Accordingly, Filaria piartis must be studied in order to 
determine what the genus Filaria represents. 
Filaria martis was originall}^ described, but not named, by Redi. It 
occurs in the pine marten {Mustela martes) and several other animals, 
in Europe. The form w'hich occurs in Europe in the pine marten 
should be taken as the standard of reference. This worm has been 
found by several authors; it has been renamed several times, but, 
unfortunately, its anatomy is not very well studied. No specimen is 
at my disposal at present, but from the accessible literature it may be 
seen that the parasite presents the following synonymy, bibliography, 
and zoological characters: 
FILARIA MARTIS Gmelin, 1790. 
[Figs. 26 to 34.] 
1790: Filaria. martis Gmelin, 1790a, 3040 (ex Eedi) . — Bose, 1802a, v. 2,48; 1830a, v. 
2, 59. — Diesing, 1851a, 272 (syn. of F. quadrispina) . — Molin, 1858, 387 (syn. 
Fig. 26. 
vit. 
Fi^. 27. 
Fig. 26.— Anterior end of female Filaria martis, from Mustela martes, Italy; a, mouth. Enlarged. 
(After Alessandrini, 1838, pi. 1, fig. 1.) 
Fig. 27.— View of anterior end, en face: m. Mouth; dm. p., dorso-submedian papilla; lat.p., lateral 
papilla; vm. p., ventro-suhmedian papilla; vu., vulva. Enlarged. (After Schneider, 1866a, pi. 5, 
fig. 9.) 
Fig. 28. — Tail of female. Enlarged. (After Alessandrini, 1838, pi. 1, fig. 4.) 
Fig. 29.— Tail of male, showing spiral and spicule. (After Alessandrini, 1838, pi. 1, fig. 2.) 
of F. perforans)', 1858, 167 (syn. of F. perforans). — Ransom, 1904, 31. — 
Rudolphi, 1809a, 69 (renamed F. mustelarum) \ 1810a, 379. — Stiles & Hassall, 
1905, 106 (type of Filaria). — Stossich, 1897, 33 (syn. of F. quadrispina Dies- 
