LONGEVITY OF B. TYPHOSUS OUTSIDE OF HUMAN BODY. 181 
some of the experiments were made in ordinary glass containers, and 
gave admittedly parallel results to those made with permeable sacs. 
Again, Johnson (1905) states that in the case of B. coli he has 
demonstrated the possibility of the escape of the organism through 
the walls of the sac without impairment of its dialyzing power. He 
argues a similar or more active escape of the more motile B. typhosus, 
and contrasts the results of Frost (1904) with those just now cited. 
A fact of importance in the case of water epidemics is that carbon- 
ated waters, bottled waters, and ‘‘soft drinks” made from the infected 
water are as dangerous as the water itself, or more so, because they 
would be taken with less caution by the uninformed. Pfuhl (1902) ' 
found B. typhosus in artificially infected seltzer water after twenty- 
seven days when it was kept at a temperature of 7° to 10°. 
For the benefit of those who wish to draw deductions from experi- 
ments made with sterilized water under laboratory conditions and 
with methods of varying excellence, the following summary of the 
results is inserted. As they give but a fragmentary view of what 
were in some instances extended observations, the original sources 
must be examined for particulars. 
Table I. 
Author. 
Date. 
Temperature. 
other 
circum- 
stances. 
Found. 
Not 
found. 
Aledium. 
Low. 
Me- 
dium. 
High. 
O 
O 
O 
Days. 
Days. 
Bolton 
, 1886 
Distilled water 
20 
. 14 
35 
2-3 
Wheeler 
1906 
do 
10-12 
Dark . . . 
17 
20 
do .. . 
37 
22 
Light . . . 
13 
37 
Dark . . . 
15 
Sterilized tap 
10-12 
do .. . 
21 
water. 
20 
do .. . 
43 
22 
Light . . . 
15 
37 
Dark . . . 
17 
SterUized well 
10-12 
do . . . 
37 
water. 
20 
do 
79 
22 
Light . . . 
15 
37 
Dark . . . 
17 
W olfhugel and Riedel . . 
1886 
Sterilized water. . . 
18-22 
32 
Bobrow 
1893 
Sterilized spring 
14-18 
25 
28 
water. 
1-2 
9 
10 
Cassedebat 
1890 
Steriliz.ed water . . 
(?) 
44 
Braem 
1889 
do 
(?) 
60 
188 
FranMand 
1895 
Steam sterilized 
Summ 
er and 
«dnter. 
Various 
17-75 
water. 
waters. 
Wood 
1896 
Sterilized sea 
4 
20 
a fj 
water. 
o Months. 
