THE ESTEEXATIOXAE CODE. 
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 
Article 1. Zoological nomenclature is independent of botanical nomen- 
clature in the sense that the name of an animal is not to be rejected 
simply because it is identical with the name of a plant. If. however, 
an organism is transferred from the vegetable to the animal kingdom 
its botanical names are to be accepted in zoological nomenclature with 
their original botanical status: and if an organism is transferred from 
the animal to the vegetable kingdom its names retain their zoological 
status. 
Recommendation. — It is well to avoid introducing into zoology as generic names 
such names as are in use in botany. 
Dtscussiov. — Some of the earlier codes attempted to cover both 
botany and zoology, but the present International Code deals only 
with zoology (hence not with bacteriology). The same general prin- 
ciples apply to both fields, and on account of the lack of a definite line 
of demarcation between the animals and plants the zoologist is obliged 
to consider certain relations of botanical to zoological nomenclature. 
In not a few cases the same generic name is used without confusion 
in both botany and zoology. Botanists do not reject a generic name 
simply because it is used in zoology, nor do zoologists reject a name 
simply because it is used in botany. Thus, Balami.s , Calamus. Luna- 
via. and a number of other names are used in both zoologv and botanv. 
It is. however, wise to avoid the introduction of a new generic name 
in one kingdom when it is known to have been used in the other. 
In some cases an organism has been described as a plant and later 
investigations have resulted in transferring it to the animals. In 
these cases zoologists accept the botanical names. Thus. Plasmodium 
mal arise was originally (1881) classified in a plant genus as Oscilldria 
malar ise. Now that this organism is classified as an animal the 
original specific name rnxd arise (1881) is accepted in zoology with its 
original botanical date. The generic name Oscillaria is not taken 
over with the specific name because it was not proposed for this 
organism. Oscillaria remains, as it was prior to 1881. a plant genus. 
In still other cases organisms have been described as animals and 
afterwards classified as plants. Thus, Coccidioides immitis was pro- 
visionally classified with reserve as a sporozoon, but was later placed 
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