12 
The use of a trinomial, such as Sus scrofa domestica or Fratercula 
artica gladalis , in a subspecific sense should not be confused with 
expressions like Bacillus coli communis. This latter expression can 
claim no standing in nomenclature, for communis was not proposed as 
a subspecies of any species known as Bacillus coli. 
Turning now to zoological names used by physicians, it should be 
noticed that Taenia , Plasmodium , Amoeba , Culex , Stegomyia , Bacillus , 
Bacterium , etc. , are generic names, while Taenia saginata , Plasmodium 
malariae , Amoeba coli , Culex pipiens , Stegomyia fasciata , Bacillus 
icteroides , Bacterium anthracis , etc. , are binomials applied to species, 
and Taenia solium abietina was used as a trinomial for a supposed 
variety of Taenia solium. 
In order that names may claim recognition, they must always be 
proposed in the sense given above, and unless they are proposed in the 
manner indicated they are not considered in establishing the correct 
name for any systematic unit. Thus Filar ia sanguinis hominis noc- 
turna is a polynomial applied to a species, hence it has no status in 
nomenclature; we may of course quote it as a matter of historic 
interest or in a bibliographic citation, but in determining the correct 
name of the animal to which it was applied the name is to be com- 
pletely ignored. 
Art. 3. The scientific names of animals must be words which are 
either Latin or Latinized, or considered and treated as such in case 
they are not of classic origin. 
Discussion. — The adoption of Latin names rests both upon the 
historical development of nomenclature and upon practical considera- 
tions. Earlier scientific authors wrote in Latin, hence they naturally 
used Latin names, and these have been preserved by more recent 
authors. 
The chief object of the use of Latin names is based upon practical 
considerations. Assuming that there are 10,000,000 species of animals 
in the world (assuredly an ultraconservative estimate), it would be a 
practical impossibility to keep record of them unless international 
names were used. If we had to record for each of these 10,000,000 
species an English, French, German, Italian, Russian, and perhaps a 
Japanese and a Chinese name, zoology would consist chiefly of a study 
of languages. It is not considered a practical proposition to attempt 
to adopt any modern language as basis for the names, as questions of 
national pride would arise which would doubtless exclude any agree- 
ment. But every nation which studies zoology also studies Latin to 
a greater or less extent, and by adopting Latin no one nationality is 
called upon to make any greater concessions than is an} T other. 
Nothing is stated in the rule as to what particular Latin should be 
used, but latitude is granted to use Latin or Latinized names, or to 
use names as if they were Latin. This latitude has its practical basis. 
