17 
k. Words formed by an arbitrary combination of letters. Examples: Xeda, Clcrn- 
culus, Salifa, Torix. 
l. Names formed by anagram. Examples: Dacelo, Verlusia, Linospa. 
Discussion. — A person who is not accustomed to dealing with a 
large number of generic names, and even authors who are well trained 
in the subject, frequently find it difficult to coin or to select names for 
new genera. To aid them in their labors, the foregoing recommenda- 
tions, based upon an analysis of thousands of names already in use, 
have been inserted into the code. 
Art. 9. If a genus is divided into subgenera, the name of the typical 
subgenus must be the same as the name of the genus (see Art. 25). 
Discussion. — Subgenera are used in zoology by a number of authors, 
but other authors avoid them. Xot infrequently it will be noticed 
that the species of a given genus may lie classified into several natural 
groups, to which an author does not feel justified at the moment in 
giving full generic rank; to express the systematic relations of these 
species and groups an author may recognize subgenera. One of these 
subgenera naturally contains the type species of the genus, and this 
is known as the typical subgenus. Unfortunately, some authors have 
proposed new names for the t 3 'pieal subgenera, but the law of priority 
(Art. 25) demands that the typical subgenus must have the same name 
as the genus itself. 
Thus Taenia has been divided into the following subgenera: Taenia , 
type solium / Multiceps (or Ccenurus ), type cerebral is; Echinococcus , 
type echinococcus— granulosus. Some authors have recognized Cysto- 
taenia as the name of the typical subgenus, but this is inadmissible 
under the code. By using Taenia instead of Cystotaenia the nomen- 
clature remains the same in the writings of those authors who recog- 
nize subgenera and those who raise subgenera to generic rank. 
Art. 10. When it is desired to cite the name of a subgenus, this 
name is to be placed in parentheses between the generic and the 
specific names. Example: Yanessa ( Pyrameis ) cardui. 
Discussion. — Even when subgenera are recognized it is not neces- 
sary to quote the subgeneric name every time the species are cited, 
but if the subgeneric name is quoted it should be placed in paren- 
theses. Some authors have used the parenthesis in a different and 
somewhat confusing manner; not infrequently a well-known genus is 
split up into distinct genera and an author occasionally cites the old 
generic name to show the former position of the species. Thus we 
find references like Hyrnenolep>is ( Taenia ) nana , the author meaning 
that he classifies Taenia nana as Hyrnenolepis nana.. It is much better 
in these cases to write \Taenui\ Hyrnenolepis nana , thus avoiding the 
appearance of making Taenia a subgenus of Hyrnenolepis. 
31157— No. 24—05 3 
