18 
SPECIFIC A1ST> SUBSPECIFIC XAMES. 
Art. 11. Specific and subspecific names are subject to the same rules 
and recommendations, and from a nomenclatural standpoint they are 
coordinate — that is. they are of the same value. 
Discussion . — S ee under article 6. 
Art. 12. A specific name becomes a subspecific name when the species 
so named becomes a subspecies, and vice versa. 
Discussion. — See under article T. 
Art. 13. TThile specific substantive names derived from names of 
persons may be written with a capital initial letter, all other specific 
names are to be written with a small initial letter. Examples: 
Rhizostoma Cuvieri or Eh. cuvieri , Fran col in as Lucani or F. lucani , 
Fypoderma Diana or H. diana , Laojihonte Mohammed or Z. rnoham- 
med , (Fstrus ovis , Corvus corax. 
Discussion. — Formerly all substantive specific names were capital- 
ized, while most adjectival specific names were written with a small 
initial letter. Then the custom relative to specific names changed to 
confining the capital to names derived from proper names. Later the 
capitals were restricted to names derived from names of persons, and 
finally the use of capitals in specihc names was entirely rejected, 
except that names derived from names of persons may be written 
with a capital. The use of the capital is a convenience in distinguish- 
ing between a specific name like Gobii , based upon the surname Gobi , 
and a specific name gobii based upon the generic name Gobius. There 
is now a decided tendency to reject the use of capitals in specific 
names. 
Art. 14. Specific names are: 
a. Adjectives, which must agree grammatically with the generic 
name. Example: Felis marmorata. 
b. Substantives in the nominative in apposition with the generic 
name. Example: Felis leo. 
c. Substantives in the genitive. Examples: rosse, sturionis , antil- 
larum , gadliee , sancti-pauli , sanctse-helenee. 
If the name is given as a dedication to one or several persons, the 
genitive is formed in accordance with the rules of Latin declination 
in case the name was employed and declined in Latin. Examples: 
FI in ii. Aristotelis, Victoria, Antonii , Elisabeth se r Petri (given name). 
If the name is a modern patronymic, the genitive is always formed 
by adding, to the exact and complete name, an i if the person is a 
man. or an se if the person is a woman, even if the name has a Latin 
form: it is placed in the plural if the dedication involves several per- 
sons of the same name. Examples: Cuvieri , Mobiusi , Funezi , Merianae , 
Saro.sinorurn , Bosi (not Boris), Salmoni (not Salmonis). 
