19 
Recommendation. — The best specific name is a Latin adjective, short, euphonic, 
and of easy pronunciation. Latinized Greek words or barbarous words may, how- 
ever, be used. Examples: gymnocephalus, echinococcus , ziczac , aguti, hoactli , urubitinga. 
Art. 15. The use of compound proper names indicating dedication, 
or of compound words indicating a comparison with a simple object, 
does not form an exception to Art. 2. In these cases the two words 
composing the specific name are written as one word with or without 
the hyphen. Examples: sanctae-catharinae , or sanctaecatharinae , jcm- 
mayeni or janmayeni, cornu-pastoris or corn upas tor is , cor-anguinum or 
coranguinum , cedo-nulli or cedonulli. 
Expressions like rudis planusque are not admissible as specific names. 
Art. 16. Geographic names are to be given as substantives in the 
genitive, or are to be placed in an adjectival form. Examples: sancti- 
pauli , sanctae-helenae , edwardiensis , diemenensis , magellanicus , burdi- 
galensis , vindobonensis. 
Recommendation. — Geographic names used by the Romans or by Latin writers of 
the middle ages are to be adopted in preference to more recent forms. Words like 
bordeausiacus and viennensis are poor, but are not to be rejected on this account. 
Art. 17. If it is desired to cite the subspecific name, such name is 
written immediately following the specific name, without the inter- 
position of any mark of punctuation. Example: Rana esculenta mar- 
morata Hallo well, but not Rana esculenta ( marmorata ) or Ra?ia rnar- 
morata Hallowell. 
Art. 18. The notation of hybrids may be given in several ways; in 
all cases the name of the male parent precedes that of the female 
parent, with or without the sexual signs: 
a . The names of the two parents are united by the sign of multi- 
plication (x). Example: Capra hircus $ X Oris aries ? and Capra 
hircus X Oris aries are equally good formulae. 
b. Hybrids may also be cited in form of a fraction, the male parent 
forming the numerator and the female parent the denominator. 
Capra hircus 
Example: 
This second method is in so far preferable 
Oris aries 
that it permits the citation of the person who first published the 
, . . , „ i -r^ t Bernicla canadensis , 
hybrid form as such. Example: — - 4 ^ Kabe. 
J 1 Anser cygnoiaes 
c. The fractional form is also preferable in case one of the parents 
. Tetrao tetrix X Tetrao uroa alius T , . 
is itself a hybrid. Example: — • n In the 
J r Callus gallus 
latter case, however, parentheses may be used. Example: ( Tetrao 
tetrix X Tetrao urogallus) X Gallus gallus. 
d. When the parents of the Irybrid are not known as such [parents], 
the hybrid takes provisionally a specific name, the same as if it were 
a true species, namely, as if it were not a hybrid; but the generic 
name is preceded by the sign of multiplication. Example: X Coregonus 
dolosus Fatio. 
