26 
the nomenclature results. But if a type is designated, the original 
generic name always follows the subdivision containing the type, so 
that uniformity in the generic nomenclature is ensured. 
Art. 30. If the original type of a genus was not indicated, the 
author who first subdivides the genus may apply the name of the 
original genus to such restricted genus or subgenus as may be judged 
advisable, and such assignment is not subject to subsequent change. 
In no case, however, can the name of the original genus be trans- 
ferred to a group containing none of the species originally included 
in the genus; nor can a species be selected as type which was not 
originally included in the genus or which the author of the generic 
name doubtfully referred to it. 
Recommendation. — In selecting a type anthers should govern themselves by the 
following: 
ia) A genus which contains a species bearing the same name, either as a valid 
name or as a synonym, takes that species as type. 
b ' Select as type some species which the original author studied personally, 
unless it can be definitely shown that he had some other species more particularly 
in mind. 
(c) If the original genus has already been divided without designation of type, 
the type should be restricted by elimination, namely, by successively rejecting all 
the species which have already been transferred to other genera; the type is then 
selected from the species which remain. 
If the genus contains both exotic and nonexotic species, from the standpoint of 
the original author, the type is to be selected from the nonexotic species. 
t d ) Select as type the species which is best described, or best figured, or best 
known. 
Discussion. — Every genus should have a single species, known as 
its ‘'type.” to serve as its standard of reference. This “type” should 
be designated by the author who proposes the genus. Unfortunately, 
many authors have failed to designate their “types.” and because of 
this error of omission the nomenclature of some groups has become 
quite involved. In attempting to straighten out the technical names 
nt present it is necessary to designate types for the older genera. 
No existing code of nomenclature provides for all cases that arise, 
so that authors make supplemental rules for themselves. The rules 
which I personally adopt are the following: 
1. Rule. — A genus proposed with a single original species takes that species as 
type. ' Monotypical genera.) 
2. Rule.— The type of a genus (containing, from the standpoint of the original 
author, both valid and doubtful species ; must never be selected from any species 
which the original author of the genus clearly designated as a species inquirendci at 
the time of the publication of the generic name. 
3. Rule. — When in the original publication of a genus one of the species is 
definitely designated as type this species' should be accepted as type regardless of 
any other considerations. I Type by original designation, t 
4a. Rule. — If. in the original publication of a genus, typicus or iypus is used as 
a new specific name for one of the species, such use shall be construed as “type by 
original designation. ’ ; 
