32 
laries. The dissolved hemoglobin now causes further blocking of 
the vessels by means of clots, which are formed through the action 
of the hemoglobin upon the leucocytes, freeing the fibrin ferment. 
From this somewhat complicated process there may result serious 
symptoms, as dyspnea, convulsions, etc., in proportion to the amount 
of blood injected. If the amount of blood is large, death may follow, 
as Landois has shown, with phenomena of asphyxiation. (Uhlen- 
huth: Zur* Kpnntniss der giftigen Eigenschaften des Blutserums. 
Zeit. f. Hyg., vol. 26, 1897, p. 384.) 
Hermann Pfeiffer,® confirming the work of Uhlenhuth upon the 
necrotic action of blood serums when injected subcutaneously into 
guinea pigs, believes that the toxic substance producing the necrosis 
is the same as the hemolytic agent found in the blood serum. 
In recent years hemolysis has been studied more particularly by 
Ehrlich, Morgenroth, Bordet, Metchnikoff, and many others. Much 
of the work done appears to corroborate the early observations of 
Landois, who believed that the toxic action of blood serum when 
injected intravenously depends upon a “ globulicidal " action upon the 
red blood cells and the plugging of the capillaries. On the other 
hand, we have the views of other authors based in part upon experi- 
mental data that the toxic action of blood serum is dependent upon 
albuminous substances independently of the lytic substance present 
in the serum. 
Creite b in 1869 was aware of Landois’s view concerning hemolysis, 
but separated the toxic power from the blood serum by means of 
coagulation (heat). 
Also, Weiss c in 1896 showed by separating albuminous substances 
from the blood serum by means of heating or absolute alcohol that 
the serum has no longer the toxic power and concluded, therefore, 
that the toxic action is brought about by the albumins. 
Albu d separated the albuminous substances from blood serum by 
precipitation with ammonium sulphate, which he dialyzed out, as it 
is itself poisonous, and came to the same conclusion as Creite and 
Weiss. 
Kumino e believed that the toxic substance is a tox- albumin which, 
according to his views, is formed in the living cells of the respective 
animals. 
a Hermann Pfeiffer: fiber die nekrotisirende Wirkung normaler Seren. JZeit. f. Hyg., 
190-5, Band 150, p. 183. 
b Creite: Versuche fiber die Wirkung des Serumweisses nach Injection in das Blut. Zeit. 
f. rationelle Med. Bd. 36, S. 90. 
cW eiss; Ueber die Wirkungen von Blutserum-Injectionen in's Blut. P Auger’s Arch., 
Bd. 65, 1896. 
d Albu : Untersuchungen uber die Toxicitat normaler u. patkol. SerumAiissigkeit. \ ir- 
ehow’s Arch., Bd. 149, 3. 
e Rummo: Ueber die Gift igkeit des Blutserums bei Menschen und Thieren im normalen 
Zustande und bei Infect ionskrankkeiten. Wiener med. Woch., 1891, nr. 19-20. 
