185 
DISTOMA— Continued. 
dujardinii Cobbold, 1860a, 29 (D. soleee Duj., renamed) (in Solea ^n.llga^is). 
duplicatum Baer, 1826a, 124; 1827b, 558-570, pi. 29, figs. 1-15 (in Anadonta ven- 
tricosa, A. anatina). — Braun, 1892a, 769, 770; 1893a, 838; 1893b, 184. — Cob- 
bold, 1879b, 453, 454.— Crep., 1837, 310, 325, 326.— Dies., 1836, 240; 1850a, 
293 (renamed Rhopalocerca tardigrada ; Regiomontii) ; 1855a, 380, 384; 1858d, 
241, 271. — Desmonceaux, 1868, 22. — Ere., 1881e, 37, 45; 1882a, 273, 281. — 
Ed., 1854a, 9, 26; 1855b, 7, 20, 22, 24; 1856a, 263, 265; 1857c, 25, 27, 29, 31, 
32. — Florance, 1866a, 12.- — Keber, 1851a, 90. — Kuech., 1856c, 269, 277. — 
Lampert, 1894. — Laveran & R . BE, 1895, 105. — Leuck., 1863, 509, 765. — Levin., 
188ia, 81. — Looss, 1894a, 17, 23, 63, pi. 4, fig. 78 (syn. of Cere. Dist. folii, 
C. folii, young of D. folium).— MouL, 1856a, 14, 21, ol, 56, 78, 82, 120, 129, 
139, 143 (to Cere.), 177.— Mueli., 1898, 11.— Nord., 1832a, 57; 1840, 548, 617, 
630, 631. — Pag., 1857, 6, 7, 8, 9, 28-30, 46, 52, pi. 6, fig. 14 (in Anodonta 
cygnea); 1862, 299, 300, 301, 302, 304.— Reuss, 1902, May 19, 375-377; 1902, 
July, 405-406; 1903, 458-477, pi. 23, figs. 1-21; 1903, Nov. 26, 206; 1905, July 
3, 63-64.— Rossbach, 1906, 420, 431.— Sieb., 1835, 56; 1854, 109, note 2.— 
Steenstrup, 1842, 51-55, 56. — Tennent, 1906, 651, 653. — Magener, 1857, 22, 
36, 45, 51, pi. 24.— Ziegler, 1883, 540. 
echeneidis remorse Rud., (1821-28) 163 (in Echeneis remora). — Braun, 1893a, 
875. — Dies., 1855, 64, footnote 16; 1858e, 356 (in Echeneis remora). — Stoss., 
1886, 47. 
echinata (Sieb., 1837) Ben., 1861, 89-92, pi. 11, figs. 1-8, in Limneus aurirularis; 
L. ovatus; L. stagnalis; Physa; Cyclas cornea. 
ecJiinatoides Dies., 1858d, 263, syn. of Cere. (Nephrocepliala) megacotyla, for 
echinatoides anodontse. 
echinatoides anodontx Pag., 1857, 32 (t. li. Anodonta cygnea). — Dies., 1858d, 263 
(sjm. of Cere. (Nephrocepliala) megacotyla). 
echinatum Zed., 1803a, 220-221 (D. anatis Gmelin, 1790) Zed., 1800, renamed; 
made to include Cucullanus conoideus 1782, Festucaria anatis 1788, F. 
boschadis 1790. — Anacker, 1887c, 513. — Baillet, 1866b, 96, 105. — Baird, 
1853a, 55. — Bellingham, 1844a, 426. — Ben., 1858a, 1861a, 89-92, pi. 11, figs. 
1-8 (s-sm. Cere, brunnea, C. echinata); 1868, 296.- — Braun, 1883b, 28; 1883a, 
70, fig. 14; 1892a, 585, 595, 633, 722, 797, 807; 1893a, 821, 861, 863, 865; 
1893b, 182.— Bremser, 1824c, 134; pi. 10, fig. 4-5; 1828, 134 (of birds).— 
Crep., 1837, 310, 311, 312, 316, 326; 1839a, 289; 1846, 134, 141, 142, 144, 
145.— Cobbold, 1860a, 33.— Dies., 1836, 240; 1850a, 344, 345, 346, 383, 398 
(includes Cucullanus conoideus, D. anatis; D. excavatum (Nycticoracis) 
Rud.; D. gruis; D. radiatum Duj.?; Ease, anatis; F. gruis; Festucaria 
boschadis; Plan, teres porosimplici); 1858d, 261, 263 (larval stage=Cerc. ech.); 
1858e, 34-f— 345 (adult in Anas boschasdom. & fera; A. anser; A. cygnus fer.; 
A. clangula; A. clypeata; A.ferina; A. fuHgula; Ardea comata; A.gardeni; 
A. grus; A. marila; A. moschata; A. nycticorax; A. n;yToca; A. olor; A. ijavonia; 
A. penelope; A. strepera; A. tadorna; Ciconia nigra; Carbo cormoranus; 
C.pygmaeus; Podicepscristatus; P. minor; Stat. juven. in Fringilladomestica; 
larva in Paludina vivipara; Lymnaeus stagnalis; Planorbis corneus) (syn. 
Cere. (Nephrocephala) ech. ; 1859c, 433 (includes as hosts: Cyclas cornea; 
Belgia; Lymn^us auricularis ; L. ovatus; L. stagnalis; Phvsa). — Desmonceaux, 
1868, 22.— Duj., 1845a, 426-127.— Ere., 1881e, 29, 31,48, 52, 88; 1882a, 265, 
267, 284, 288, 324 (syn. Cere. ech.). — Fib, 1854a, 19; 1855b, 25. — Florance, 
1866a, 12. — Fraip., 1880c, 418. — Gamb., 1896a, 63, 72. — Generali, 1881a, 
614-615 (in dogs) [Ere.]; 1882a, 70-71. — Giebel, 1857, 265. — Hahn A Lefevre, 
1884a, 516 (of Ben.) (in Canara). — Harz, 1881c, 4. — Hass., 1896a, 2, 3 (to 
Echinost.). — Kastenbaum, 1899, 244, fig. 33, 5, 34, 7. — Kowah, 1894, 3; 1895, 
351-352, pi. 8, figs. 1-3, 12a, 13; 1896d, 7 (257) (in Cor\*us cornix; Anas crecca; 
Dublany). — Leidy, 1888, 126; 1904a, 211. — La Valette, 1855, 32. — Leuck., 
1863, 82, 498, 526, figs. 143, 144, 178, 180; 1879, 15, 102, 107; 1886d, 11, 76, 
80. — Linst., 1873, 1, 98, 101, 105-106 (young stage= Cere. ech. Sieb.) (in Anas 
boschas); 1884, 139; 1894b, 333 (in Bythinia ventricosa, Physa fontinalis, 
Valvata macrostoma, Limnsea palustris). — Looss, 1892a, 14; 1893b, 8] 3, 814; 
1894a, 2, 119, 120, 124, 159, 168, 169, 170, 172, 215, 230, pi. 6, figs. 114, 115- 
117, pi. 9, figs. 191-192; 1895c, 74, 75; 1896b, 10; 1899b, 556; 1902m, 804, 
805, 810, 811, 822.— Lutz, 1892a, 785.— Megnin, 1884, 53.— Mol., 1858, 290; 
1861, 216.— Mont., 1888a, 14, 24, 40.— MouL, 1856a, 190 (larva is Cere, ech., 
teste La Valette). — Nathusius, 1835, 53. — Nord., 1832a, 47, 90, 98 (in Barsch); 
1840, 621 (syn. of Fasc. trigonocephala). — Pag., 1857, 244-251 (experimental 
