186 
DISTOMA — Continued. 
infections); 1858, 5-6; 1859, 58, 60. — Par., 1887, 489. — Rail., 1893a, 366. — 
Rud., 1809a, 418-420 to (Echinost.), 431, 432; 1814a, 102; 1819a, 115, 121, 
416^17, 685-686. — Schneideniuehl, 1896, 303. — Schlotthaiiber, 1860, 129. — 
Sieb., 1835, 57; 1854, 23.— Sons., 1890, 134.— Stiles & Hass., 1898a, 87, 96 
(t;>'pe of Echinost.). — Stoss., 1890, 51; 1891, 111; 1892, 167 (to Echinost.); 
1898, 52.— Tasch., 1879, 71.— Yerrill, 1870, 179.— Ward, 1895, 341 (in 
Canis familiaris; duodenum). — Wedl, 1857, 245-246, pi. 1, figs. 5-6. — Zuern, 
1882, 207. — Also reported for Anas ch^peata; A. querquedula; Anser cine- 
reus dom.; Ardea grus; A. nycticorax; A;\4;hya americana; Col^unbus minor; 
Cygnus musicus; C. olor ferus; Fiber zibethicus; Fuligula ferina; F. marila; 
F. n^Toca; Hausente; Limnsea; Paludina vivipara; Phasianus gallus. 
ecMnatum (Zed.) of Wedl, 1858, 245, pi. 1, fig. 5, from Phalacrocorax carbo is, 
according to Looss, 1899b, 681, a misdetermination. 
ec/imr/mtm(La Valette, 1855)LaYalctte, 1855, 32. — Braun, 1892a, 772. — Cobbold, 
1879b, 454. — Dies., 1858d, 261, 262, 263 (larval stage=Cerc. (Xephrocephala) 
echinatoides) ; 1858e, 345-347 (in Stat. juven. in Fringilla domestica); 1859c, 
433 (syn. D. militare Ben., 1858a, 84, in Scolopax gallinago; Mergus mer- 
ganser; Podiceps minor; Anas boschas). — Ere., 1881e, 29, 31; 1882a, 265, 
267. — MouL, 1856a, 201. — Rail., 1893a, 366 (s^m. of D. echinatum). — Stoss., 
1892, 171 (to Echinost.). — Ward, 1895, 341 (sati. of D. echinatum) (in Canis 
familiaris).— Zuern, 1882, 207. 
echinifen'um paludinse Pag., 1857, 30-32, 52, pi. 2, hgs. 5-6 (in Paludina vivipara); 
on 55, descr. of pi. 2, echiniferum. 
[echinocephala Crep., 1837a, 326, as name of a group of distomes; quotes Xitzsch.] 
echinocephalum Rud., 1819a, 115, 418 (in Falco milvus) to (Echinost.) (contains 
D. mihd Rud., 1809a, 429). — Braun, 1893a, 874. — Dies. ,1850a, 385 (satis. D. 
niilAu; Fasc. inihu; Plan, latiuscula Goeze). — Duj., 1845a, 425. — Stoss., 1892, 
173 to Echinost. 
echiuri Greef, 1879a, 130 (in Echiurus pallasi). — Braun, 1893a, 869; 1893d, 468. 
elegans (Rud., 1802) Rud., 1809a, 375-376; 1819a, 100.— Braun, 1901, 561, 564, 
567 ; 1902b, 38-39, 40 (Yienna no. 362 from Fringilla coelebs = pars Urog. mac. ; 
no. 363 horn F. montana = pars Plagiorchis= D. cuTatum Rud.), 41, 42, 45, 47, 
48, 49 (to Plagiorchis) (sA'n. of Urogonhnus macrostomus). — Cobbold 1860a, 
12.— Crep., 1829, 59-63; ‘l837, 313, 316.— Dies., 1836, 240; 1850a, 349-350 
(includes D. erraticum Rud.). — Duj., 1845a, 414-415 to (BrachAdaimus). — 
Fib, 1855b, 8.— Mehlis, 1831, 179.— Mueh., 1896, 589.— Olfers, 1816, 44.— 
Schlotthaiiber, 1860, 129.— Sieb., 1835, 56.— Stoss., 1892, 153; 1892, 11 to 
(Brachylaimus); 1904, 2. 
elephantis Dies., 1858, 354 (based on Jackson, 1847, 317; in Elephas indicus) (to 
Cladocoelium); 1858e, 354 (in Elephas indicus). — Cobbold, 1860a, 8-9 [see 
Fasc. jacksoni Cobbold]; 1879b, 394. — Fitz, 1876b, 513. — Stoss., 1892, 9 (to 
Cladocoelium). — Jackson, 1847, 317 [see Fasc. jacksoni Cobbold]. 
ellipticiim Mol., 1858, 130 (in Acipenser nasus; PataAui): 1861, 216-217, pi. 3, 
figs. 1, 4.— Cams, 1884, 126.— Dies., 1850a, 351; 1858e, 351 (in Ac. nasus).— 
Stoss., 1886, 41, to (Echinost.). 
elongatum Mehlis, 1831, 177 (in Earns argentatus, L. marinus, L. ridibundus).— 
Crep., 1837, 316; 1846, 139.— Dies., 1850a, 397.— Stoss., 1892, 181.— Also 
reported for Clu’oocephalus ridibundus. 
embryo Olfers, 1816, 110, fig. 16 (in Perea ATilgaris, P. cernua). — Cobbold. 1860a, 
26; 1879b, 458. — Dies., 1850a, 365 (includes D. longicolle Crep.).- — Kroyer, 
1838-40a, 579 (in Acerina cernua). — Stoss., 1886, 48. 
[endemica Sons., 1884, 17-21( not as specific name but refers to Dist. ringeri ende- 
mic in Japan and Formosa).] 
endemicum Baelz, 1883, 235 (sub. D. hepatis). — Braun, 1893b, 187; 1893, 349, 352; 
1893f, 386, 425 (sAm. of D. japonicum R. BE). — Corlette, 1897a, 146. — Dung- 
lison, 1893, 338.— Hoyle, 1890, 538.— Huber, 1896a, 577.— Ijima, 1886a, 
47-59, pE 7, figs. 1-9; 1887a, 596; 1888a, 213-215; 1889b, 137.— Jamieson, 
1897b, 147 (svn. of D. sinense). — Katsm'ada, 1891c, 151-155. — EaspeAues, 
1904a, 6.- -EockAvood, 1901, 2 ed., 821.— Eooss, 1907, Feb. 1, 141-147.— 
Mont., 1888a, 25, 36, 52, 58, 60.— RaiE, 1890, 143.— Simon, 1897, 223.— Sons., 
1889, 278, 279, 280, 282 (syn. D. japonicum BE) (in Felis dom.). — Stiles, 
1904i, 35 (sATi. of Opisthorchis sinensis). — Stoss., 1892, 23-24 (syns. D. sinense, 
D. spatulatum Eeuck.). — Reported also for Homo sapiens, China, Giappone, 
