308 
MONORCHIS (Mont., 1893), type monorcMs. — Looss, 1902i; 1902k; 1903n; 1905h. 
monorchis (Stoss., 1890) Looss, 1902i, 117, fig. 1 (in Cantliams orbicularis, Oblata 
melanura; Tries!) . 
parvus Looss, 1902i, 118, fig. 2 (in Sargus annularis, S. rondeletii; Triest). 
MONOSICHYA Braun, 1890a, 401. See Monossicbya. 
MONOSSICHYA Cosmovici, 1887, supergeneric (includes Monostomum). — Mont., 
1888a, 84, see Monosichya. 
MONOSTAMA Megnin, 1890c, 88, 89, for Monostoma. 
MONOSTOMA a Zed., 1800a, 16, 147-160 (Festucaria Schrank, renamed, hence U*pe 
anatis). — ^Andral, 1829, 617. — Baillet, 1866b, 107. — -Bellingham, 1844a, 
335-336.— Ben., 1858a, 1861a, 69; 1870, 363; 1870c, 142.— Ben. & Hesse, 
1864, 61.— Blainv., 1828a, 582.— E. BL, 1847, 303-304.— R. BL, 1888a, 541, 
542.— de Bonis, 1882, 103.— Brand., 1888a, 12; 1892, 504-511 (revision).— 
Braun, 1883a, 52, 59; 1890a, 514, 515; 1892a, 681, 696, 710, 722, 748, 768, 769, 
770, 772; 1893a, 872, 879, 884, 886, 887, 890, 893, 894, 895, 896, 913, 914, 918; 
1895b, 121, 128, 134, 137, 154; 1901, 561.— Bremser, 1824, 132.— Burm., 1837, 
530. — Cams, 1863, 479. — Cerf., 1894, 946; 1898b, 356 (sp. in Cygnus musi- 
cus). — Cohn, 1904, 235, 237. — Cosmovici, 1887a, 128, 129. — Crep., 1829, 1, 
49 (Monostomum); 1839, 285. — Dav., 1877, 73. — Deslongchamps, 1824ee, 551, 
555. — Hies., 1834a, 1231; 1850a, 287, 319-331 (s^uis. Cucullanus Mueller 
[“Cuculanus”], Festuc. Schrank, Fasc. Goeze, Amphist. Rud., Hist. Zed., 
Monost. Zed.), 400 (syn. of Amphist.), 411 (s;\ti. of Notocotyle), 414 (s;\m. of 
Aspidogaster Baer), 609 (of Numan; s^m. of Pentast.); 1855a, 380 (cf. Cheilost.), 
384; 1855, 62; 1858e, 312, 324-329. -^Huj., 1845a, 342-343.— Hunglison, 1893, 
1174. — Eichwald, 1829a, 249. — Eiss, 1838, 23. — Fischer, 1840, 156. — Fischder., 
1902a, 6. — Gamb., 1896a, 73. — Goldb., 1855a, 17, 27.-^unther, 1858, 205. — 
Hahn & Lefevre, 1884, 806 (of Rud.). — L’Herminier, 1826, 10. — Hoyle, 1890, 
535, 539 (H'pe mutabile). — Jackson, 1888, 644, 654. — Jgegers., 1901, 979. — 
Joy, 1835a, 504. — Kdiolodk., 1898, 33, 34; 1899a, 153.- — Kolenati, 1857, 11. — 
Kuech., 1855, 180. — Lamarck, 1816, 185-186. — Lamommix, 1822a, 194. — 
Leuck., 1863a, 61, 66, 451, 524, 632-633; 1879, 78; 1886d, 34, 59, 64.— Linst., 
1901, 2. — Looss, 1885b, 56; 1896b, 147; 1899b, 658; 1901, 192, 193 (ocreatum= 
Hist, lorum Mein.; vemicosum to Notocotyle; boinb}m8e=M. ellipticum= 
Hist, variegatum; mutabile=H^e of Cyclocoelmn; prismaticum=HT)e by 
elimination); 1902m, 562, 564, 566, 568 (prismaticum t^^De after Looss, 1901, 
but a distome after Mont., 1892; mutabile Hl)e of Cyclocoelum Brand, in 
1892; t> 7 >e of Monost. by elimination after Luehe, 1901; see also Looss, 1902m, 
707; mutabile might be t^^^e, Looss, 1902m, 719), 700, 701, 702, 703, 707, 710, 
719, 720, 721, 728, 729, 730, 746, 812, 813, 842.— Luehe, 1901, 174, 175; 1901, 
481. — ^]\Iayer, 1841, 4. — Moniez, [1899a], 159. — Mont., 1888, 7, 11, 64, 69 (Monos- 
tumum), 71, 73, 83, 84, 93, 106; 1892c, 514-534, figs. 1-22 (sp. in Box salpa); 
1892d, 23 pp., 22 figs.; 1892, 31; 1892, Oct. 7, 183, 189, 199 (syn. of Aspido- 
gaster) (of Rud.), 214 (g. of Monostomidse); 1892, 709 (Monost onum) ; 1893, 
15, 25, 27, 105, 115.— MouL, 1856a, 12, 15.— Nord., 1840, 614, 622-623.— 
Offers, 1816, 22, 48.— Par., 1887, 327.— Pratt, 1900a, 645; 1902a, 890.— Rail., 
1891, 26.— Ratzel, 1868, in 19 pp.— Rud., 1809a, 5, 20-21, 36-37, 325, pi. 12, 
fig. 5; 1819a, 82, 340, 583. — Schneidemuehl, 1896, 295. — Schneider, 1866, 
3.34.— Sieb., 1854, 20, 29.— Stiles, 1902s, 28.— Stoss., 1898, 63.— Tasch., 1879, 
232, 233, 258 (s\ui. of Aspidogaster Baer) ; 1879, 611. — Villot, 1878, 19. — Vogt, 
» ]\Ionostoma represents a complicated case, so far as its t^^^e is concerned, and well 
represents “a ship without a rudder.” 
There can be no question Imt that Monostoma was a deliberate renaming of Festu- 
caria 1788, the name being changed for purely subjective reasons. The fact that Zeder 
did not specifically mention the original species of Festucaria does not seem to bear 
upon the question, for he gave “die mir bekannten Arten, ” and he refers to the original 
reference of Festucaria; thus the case is similar to Taenia Linn., 1758a, renamed 
Alyselminthus Zed., 1800. In om* opinion the tyqDe must be the same as that of 
Festucaria, and this has been fixed by elimination to Festucaria anatis. The question 
whether or not this is a species inquhenda can not, so far as we see, come up at present. 
A deliberate renaming deseiwes to be treated in only one way and, logically, we see 
only one way to treat it. 
Hoyle (in 1890, probably 1888, possibly earlier) designated mutabile as t\q)e of 
Monostoma. Looss (1901) by elimination designated prismaticum as t^-pe. 
Had Monostoma not been a case of renaming, we should accept Hoyle’s designation. 
