56 
Colored nonresident servants who had had typhoid fever (3, two years 
prior ; 1, four years prior ; 1, five years prior ; 2, six years prior ; 1, ten 
years prior) 8 
Colored nonresident servants who had not had typhoid fever 41 
Colored nonresident servants of whom typhoid histories were not obtained- 9 
Seventeen cases occurred at hotels, hospitals, or other public insti- 
tutions at which there was a shifting of the servant population; so 
that accurate data regarding servants could not be obtained. 
In no instance was a history obtained of the existence of typhoid 
fever cases at the homes of the nonresident servants during the three 
or four weeks prior to the onset of cases, nor was there any instance 
in which the information obtained indicated that the infection was 
conveyed by the servants to the members of employers’ families. 
There were 30 instances in which two or more cases developed in 
the same house, and in these 30 houses there were, all told, 73 cases. 
The largest number of cases occurring in one house was 4, and there 
Avere tAvo such instances. Of these 73 cases, 34 were attributed to 
infection by direct contact, 7 to milk infection, and 32 to factors not 
determined. 
Of the cases investigated by us in 1907, there were instances in 
which patients Avere cared for during the whole or a part of their 
illness in buildings at which there were grocery stores, bakeries, 
dairies, saloons, or restaurants, as follows : 
Class of establishment : Cases. 
Grocery stores 10 
Bakeries , 4 
Dairies 5 
Saloons 4 
liestanrants l 5 
In the majority of these instances some member of the family or 
other person in attendance on the patient Avas closely associated with 
the business; also in the majority of instances the precautions taken 
in the disposal of stools, urine, etc., Avere decidedly inefficient. 
In considering the number of Avays in which infection by personal 
contact may occur, it is easy to understand that many cases of typhoid 
fever in a large city may be due to infection by contact AAffiich can 
not be traced. 
The time seems ripe and our knoAvledge of the subject sufficient 
to Avarrant the regarding of typhoid fever as being in large part 
a contact disease, and its prophylactic treatment as a quarantinable 
disease. 
PROPHYLAXIS. 
Of the total 670 cases investigated, 310, or 46.2 per cent, were 
treated at hospitals. One case ^vas treated from the time of onset of 
illness at a place out of the District of Columbia.. The time of admis- 
