87 
8. PERCOLATION. 
Brandel and Kremers review the history of percolation, with nu- 
merous illustrations, and present quite an exhaustive bibliography 
relating to percolation and its uses. — Pharm. Rev. Milwaukee, 1906, 
v. 24, pp. 200-204, 311-316. 
They discuss the general principles of percolation and point out 
that the choice of a percolator depends mainly upon, (1) the nature 
of the drug, (2) the nature of the menstruum, (3) the kind of per- 
colate desired. — Ibid., v. 24. pp. 363-365. 
Bruns, IV., describes and figures a pressure percolator and outlines 
the process for producing extracts and tinctures. He concludes that 
the use of a pressure percolator reduces the time required, exhausts 
the drug, avoids heating and filtering, preserves the medicinally active 
ingredients and permits the apothecary to produce his own extracts 
economically. — Ber. d. pharm. Gesellsch., Berl., 1906, v. 16, pp. 264- 
275. (See also Pharm. Zentralh., 1906, v. 47, pp. 125-128.) 
Herzog, J., discusses the comparative efficiency of percolation and 
maceration in the preparation of official tinctures. He concludes that 
tinctures made by percolation contain relatively more extractive than 
do tinctures made by maceration, and that the combined advantages 
of percolation far outweigh the possible disadvantages. — Ber. d. 
pharm. Gesellsch. Berk, 1906, v. 16, pp. 358-373. 
See also under Fluidextracta and Tinctura?. 
9. EXTRACTION. 
Alpers, IV. C., discusses the use of circulatory displacement in the 
making of pharmaceutical preparations, and enumerates the prepara- 
tions in which this process is particularly applicable. — Proc. Am. 
Pharm. Ass., 1906, v. 54, pp. 506-507. 
Wulling, Frederick J., recommends the use of a perforated porce- 
lain funnel, in place of cheese cloth or gauze, for holding the drug 
in circulatory displacement. — Ibid., v. 54, p. 507. 
Boswortli, A. H., points out that a percolator may often take the 
place of a jar for the maceration of drugs, and describes the manner 
used. He asserts that this process is useful in making such things as 
tincture of benzoin, tincture of guaiac, green soap, soap liniment, 
etc. — Bulk Pharm. Detroit. 1906, v. 20. p. 163. 
Zelmanowitz, C., describes and figures an apparatus for the extrac- 
tion of aqueous liquids by means of ether, ligroin, or other immis- 
cible, lighter liquids. — Biochem. Ztschr. Berk, 1906, v. 1, pp. 253-258. 
10. STERILIZATION. 
The Ph. Belg. Ill has included a lengthy article entitled “ Sterili- 
satio " in the body of the book describing the methods that are to 
be emplo} T ed for sterilizing the several medicinal articles. 
