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processes involved, the materials used, the mechanism of the modern 
still, the by-products, and the yield in pints of alcohol per 100 pounds 
of the several materials. — Sci. Am. Suppl., 1906, v. 62, pp. 25680- 
25681, 25696-25697, 25716-25718. 
Wiley, H. W., discusses the sources of industrial alcohol, the sources 
of potable alcohol, the agricultural sources of industrial alcohol, and 
the composition and yield of alcohol-producing crops. — Ibid ., 1906, 
pp. 25814-25815, 25834-25835. 
Gehe & Co. discuss the production and consumption of alcohol and 
spirit and point out that the consumption for beverage purposes has 
again decreased during the past year, while the use of alcohol for 
commercial and manufacturing purposes has increased. The decrease 
for beverage purposes is the more remarkable as it is actual, despite a 
steady increase in the total population. — Handels-Ber., Gehe & Co., 
1906, p. 56-58. 
An abstract from a recent contribution to the “ Liquor Problem,” 
by John S. Billings, presents the per cent, average, and the alcohol 
range in a number of alcoholic beverages. American beer has an 
average of 3.8 per cent and an alcohol range of from 1 to 7. American 
red wine has an average of 9 per cent and an alcohol range of from 
6 to 12, and American whisky has an average of 43 per cent and an 
alcohol range of from 41 to 48. — Drug. Circ. & Chem. Gaz., N. Y., 
1906, v. 50, p. 12. 
Bartlett, Wm. W., in a hearing before the Massachusetts legislature, 
refers to the amount of alcohol required to exhaust the drugs in 
pharmacopoeial preparations and the percentage by weight and by 
volume. — Proc. Massachusetts Pharm. Ass., 1906, p. 54. 
Mann, E. A., discusses the determination of the spirit strength of 
essences by various methods. He concludes that all of the methods 
tried gave very concordant results when the spirit strength of the dis- 
tillate was taken with a picnometer, but both the specific gravity bal- 
ance and Sike’s hydrometer seriously sacrificed accuracy to speed. — 
Pharm. J., Bond., 1906, v. 22, p. 682. 
Caldwell, Paul, presents a list of the pharmacopoeial preparations 
containing alcohol, and gives the percentage of alcohol contained 
therein. — Drug. Circ. & Chem. Gaz., N. Y., 1906, v. 50, pp, 434, 435. 
An article in Notes and Queries points out that while an approxi- 
mation of the percentage of alcohol in medicines may be arrived at 
by computation, the only way of making an accurate estimation is by 
distilling off the alcohol. — Ibid., v. 50, p. 445. 
Dieterich, Karl, asserts that a number of samples of alcohol that 
were examined did not comply with the Ph. Germ, silver nitrate 
test. — Helfenberger Annalen for 1905, 1906, p. 18. 
Leach. Albert E., reports that of 10 samples of alcohol classed as 
adulterated several were found to be bad enough for prosecution. 
