lion of a physician, dentist, or veterinary surgeon. — J. Am. M. Ass., 
1906, v. 47, p. 1955. 
COCCUS. 
Holmes, E. M., discusses the origin of cochineal and points out 
that the Canary Islands furnish practically all of the drug which 
comes to the London market. He refers to some of the literature 
relating to cochineal and suggests that the residual ash is an indica- 
tion of the amount of adulteration present. — Pharm. J., Lond., 1906, 
v. 22, p. 314. 
Hankey, William T., has experienced considerable difficulty in 
securing cochineal which would comply with the U. S. P. VIII 
limit for ash; he suggests the addition of a method of valuation 
based on tinctorial power. — Am. Druggist, X. Y., 1906, v. 49, p. 361. 
Caesar and Loretz suggest that for cochineal it is advisable - to 
determine the moisture content, the ash content, and the tinctorial 
power. For the latter they outline a method. — Geschafts-Ber. v. 
Caesar & Loretz, 1906, p. 92. 
Lackey, B. H., quotes a correspondent who asserts that cochineal 
is adulterated both in the whole cochineal and in the powdered, and 
that he was unable to secure the pure in this country. — Proc. Penn- 
sylvania Pharm. Ass., 1906. p. 116. 
Patch, E. L., asserts that neither the silver nor the black cochineal 
on the market are of official standard. The pharmacopoeia recog- 
nizes but 6 per cent of ash. Different samples gave 29, 17.5, and 25 
per cent of ash. respectively. Only one lot was found in the country 
that met the present requirements. This had 5.5 per cent of ash. — 
Proc. Am. Pharm. Ass., 1906, v. 54, p. 335. 
Kebler. Lyman F., reports finding a sample of cochineal containing 
39.14 per cent of ash. and another with 21.89 per cent of ash. The 
U. S. P., VIII, limits the ash content to 6 per cent. Taking a good 
specimen of cochineal as having a tinctorial value of 100, the first 
sample had a value of 20 and the second 75. — Drug. Circ. & Chem. 
Gaz., X. Y., 1906, v. 50, pp. 162, 163. 
Graham, Willard, examined 7 samples of cochineal. 4 samples of 
black and 3 samples of silver; 6 samples contained less than 6 per 
cent of ash. One lot was found to contain 16 per cent of ash. — Proc. 
Pennsylvania Pharm. Ass., 1906. p. 153. 
CODEINA. 
Gordin, H. M., reviews the progress in the chemistry of codeine 
during the year 1905. — Pharm. Rev., Milwaukee, 1906, v. 24, p. 188. 
Herting. Otto, discusses the metliylation of morphine and the pro- 
duction of so-called synthetic codeine, by means of dimethylsulphate 
in the presence of sodium and methyl alcohol, and illustrates the re- 
action. — D.-A. Apoth. Ztg., X. Y:, 1906, v. 27, p. 16. 
