503 
Herissey. H., asserts that the tinctures of the Pli. Xdl. IV, save 
special prescriptions, may be made either by percolation or macera- 
tion. Aside from the tinctures of potent drugs, a certain number of 
tinctures are of 10 per cent strength, but for the most part they are 
of 20 per cent. Only the tincture of musk is of 2 per cent. — J. de 
pharm. et de chim.. Par.. 1906. v. 23. p. 182. 
The Pharmacopoeia of Japan directs that tinctures, unless other- 
wise prescribed, are to be made by maceration, with frequent shak- 
ings, for 7 days in a shady place. They are then strained, expressed, 
allowed to stand, and finally filtered. — Ph. Japon. III. p. 335. 
The inspectors of pharmacies and drug depots assert that the tinc- 
tures prepared by pharmacists themselves were generally found to 
be good, while commercial tinctures were inferior. — J. de pharm. 
d'Anvers, 1906, v. 62. p. 90. 
Caspari, Charles, jr.. calls attention to the possible changes in 
tinctures caused by sudden or repeated changes in temperature. — 
Proc. Am. Pharm. Ass., 1906, v. 51. p. 261. 
Smith, F. A. Upshur, points out that as a rule no directions are 
given in the U. S. P. VIII for storing tinctures. He believes it to 
be obvious that preparations of drugs require the same careful 
method of storage that is ordered in the case of the corresponding 
active principles. — Pharm. J.. Lond.. 1906. v. 22. p. 85. 
“ Gnomon " believes that tinctures made in relatively small quan- 
tities from the best material and by official processes are more trust- 
worthy generally than similar preparations produced from less care- 
fully selected materials and by more economical but less satisfactory 
methods. — Ibid., v. 22. p. 88. 
Alpers, IV. C., recommends the employment of circulatory dis- 
placement in the making of the tincture of aloes, aloes and myrrh, 
asafetida. benzoin, cantharides, gambir compound, guaiac. myrrh, and 
tolu. — Proc. Am. Pharm. Ass.. 1906. v. 51. p. 507. 
Herzog. J., presents a comprehensive review of the several meth- 
ods that have been proposed for the production of tinctures and ex- 
tracts. He reports a number of experiments and concludes that per- 
colation offers the more desirable method for extracting drugs; — 
Arb. a. d. pharm.. Inst. cl. Univer., Berl., 1906, pp. 87-99. (See also 
Ber. d. pharm. Ges., 1905. pp. 107.) 
Gardner, Hermann C. T.. discusses the preparation of tinctures 
and the removal of alcohol from marcs by means of downward dis- 
placement with water. — Pharm. J.. Lonch. 1906. v. 23, pp. 662-661, 
695-696. (For discussion see page 671.) 
Wills, Isaac Ah, discusses the use of fluid extracts for preparing 
the tinctures of the pharmacopoeia. He believes that the diluting 
of a standardized fluid extract will yield a tincture of uniform 
strength. — Proc. Pennsylvania Pharm. Ass., 1906. pp. 79, 80. 
