103 
and Biarnes ( 5 ), this is all the more remarkable when it is borne in 
mind that the muscular system is the seat of very powerful exothermic 
reactions. In this connection it has been observed by Kastle ( 240 ) 
that extracts of muscle and brain greatly retard the oxidation of an 
alkaline solution of phenolphthalin by blood, and it may be, as sug- 
gested by him in explanation of his own results, that muscle and 
nerve tissues may be unusually rich in powerful reducing agents which 
would interfere with the oxidation of all extraneous oxidizable mate- 
rial. The occurrence and distribution of various intra-cellular fer- 
ments, including the indophenol oxidase, has been studied by Rosell ( 352 ) 
with the following results. In the table the presence of the ferment 
is indicated by the sign ( + ) and its absence by the sign ( — ) . 
Intra-cellular ferments in beef tissues ( Rosell ). 
Organ. 
Aldehy- 
dase. 
Indophe- 
nol 
oxidase. 
Catalase. 
Trypsin. 
Pepsin. 
Pancreas 

+ 
+ 
+ 

Salivary glands 
-f 
+ 
+ 
+ 
— 
Lymph glands - . . 
+ 
- 
+ 
+ 
— 
Spleen 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
Bone marrow 
— 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
Thymus 
+ 
+ 
+ 
— 
Lacteal glands 
- 
- 
+ 
+ 
- 
Muscle 
— 
— 
+ 
+ 
— 
Lung 
+ 
— 
+ 
— 
+ 
Brain 
+ 
— 
+ 
— 
— 
Suprarenals 
+ 
— 
+ 
+ 
- 
Testicle 
+ 
— 
+ 
+ 
— 
Kidney. . ^ 
+ 
— 
+ 
— 
— 
The presence of the guaiacum-oxidase could not be established with 
certainty. 
THE PURIN OXIDASES (XANTHIN-OXIDASE). 
It has long been known that on a flesh diet alone the ratio of urea 
urea 
to uric acid, — v — in the urine is fairly constant, varying from 
45 to 65. On the other hand it was pointed out by von Noor- 
den ( 312 ) that on different diets it is subject to enormous variations, 
even in the same individual. Thus in some of his cases it ranged 
from 23.2 to 122.4. So also by feeding milk, peptone, and vegetable 
proteid, Camerer ( 108 ) was able to double the total nitrogen secreted 
without causing any increase in the output of uric acid. On the 
other hand it was pointed out by Kossel ( 253 ) that those foodstuffs 
which cause an increase in the excretion of uric acid contain much 
larger amounts of hypoxanthin than human muscles. Thus the 
muscles of the hen and pigeon contained over 0.1 of hypoxanthin per 
100 grams of moist muscle, whereas the muscles of man contained 
