341 
Guppy Reprint 
193 
APPENDIX I 
{From Article St of Synopsis. See page 5 of this Bulletin). 
Guppy (p. 146) summarizes his article thus : 
1. The land of which Trinidad formerl)’ formed 
part, originated from deposits laid down in the 
sea and derived from pre-existing land. When 
this operation was going on the whole area oc- 
cupied by Trinidad was .sea. 
2. When the Parian Range rose above the waters 
it was the southern portion of a large con- 
tinental mass of land who.se extent we have 
not the means at hand to enable us to deter- 
mine with any approach to exactitude. At 
this time the valleys of the Orinoko and Ama- 
zons were sea. 
3. During the neozoic or cretaceo-tertiary period, 
the rocks now forming the southern portions 
of the island of Trinidad were deposited ; and 
were raised above the level of the sea towards 
the close of that period. During that time 
there was no separation of Trinidad from 
South America, and the land surface was con- 
tinuous. It is probable that simultaneou.sly 
with the rise of this land surface, extensive 
dislocations and depressions took place in the 
Caribean area resulting finallj- in the separa- 
tion of Trinidad from Venezuela, the forma- 
tion of the Gulf of Paria, and the reduction 
by denudation of the newly-separated land to 
near its present level. The contemporaneous 
phenomena in other parts of the West Indies 
have been made the subject of discussion by 
W. J. Spencer, Gregory and others. 
* * * 
In an Appendix (p. 148) to this article Gupp}' gives a list 
of works relating to the geology of the Caribbean region from 
1819 to 1904, as follows : 
