Si 4 Prof. Euckiand's to Dr Fleming's Remarhs 
turbulent condition induced on the Earth, by the inundation df 
which it is the wreck and rubbish. 
3. The presence of the remains of terrestrial animals, simply 
shews that they had perished ; but whether they were drifted 
from other countries to those in which we now find them, or 
how far they may have been floated backwards and forwaixls, 
by the .flux and reflux of the mighty currents then in motion, 
before the carcasses became putrid, and the bones fell piecemeal 
into the gravel, as the agitation was subsiding, we have no means 
to judge ; and, without the evidence afforded us by the interior 
of caves and fissures, we should have been unable to prove that 
the elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and hyaena, had 
ever inhabited Europe ; as it might have been argued, that these 
animals were all drifted from the tropical regions now occupied 
by such genera, by the waters of the same inundation that pro- 
duced the superficial deposits of gravel, loam, and sand, in 
which alone their bones had been discovered before the investi- 
gations that have been made into the contents of caves and fis- 
sures. 
4. The absence of marine exuviae” is another case of mis- 
stated facts. Had Dr Fleming ever examined the diluvial clay 
which forms the cliffs more than sixty feet high at the brick- 
kilns on the south of Peterhead, he might have found (as I did 
last summer), marine shells imbedded in it, similar to those 
which now live in the adjacent seas ; and had he further examined 
the shells found in diluvium not many years ago in the bed of 
the Paisley Canal, three miles from Glasgow, and of which a 
list was published by Captain Laskey^, whilst a very perfect 
collection of them is preserved in the cabinet of Dr Browne of 
Glasgow ; or, had he ever seen or heard of the thousands of 
acres of marine shells of existing species, which cover more than 
one-fourth part of the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, so as to 
form an integral part of their gravel pits, and to be mixed in 
every possible proportion with ordinary diluvial gravel, sand, 
and clay, and with the bones of elephants and other land ani- 
mals ; — he would never have advanced such arguments as these 
to demonstrate,” that a universal flood had no share in the for- 
* See Annals of Philosophy, Feb. ISld, vol, iii. p. 150 ; and Wern, Soc. Mem, 
voL iv. p. 568, 
