The Origin and Development of the Apothecium etc. 
397 
The vegetative hyphae are very numerous in the region where asco- 
gones are developing. These hyphae branch repeatedly and grow in 
between and around the coils of the ascogones (Fig. 55, PI. XXXV). 
Branches grow upward and form the Anlage of the fruit body. The 
growth of these hyphae is directed toward one point near the surface 
of the thallus. As growth continues, more hyphae grow around those 
first formed so that the apothecium when it is formed is more or less 
spherieal. The idtimate branches of these vegetative hyphae form the 
paraphyses. The cross walls of the basal cells of the carpogone do not 
become perforated. Very frequently some of these basal cells of the 
carpogone are binucleate and often these nuclei are so dose together that 
fusion is suggested (Fig. 55). However, in no case could I be certain 
of such a process. Very probably after each division, the two daugliter 
nuclei reorganize very close together and the apparent fusion is thus 
accounted for. The cytoplasm is quite granulär. From these basal 
cells of the carpogone and also from the cells of the special hyphae on 
which the carpogones are borne, branches arise which give rise to para- 
physes. These vegetative hyphae, including the paraphyses, stain rather 
deeply with safranin or gentian. 
The fruit body is at this time made up of a very compact mass of 
hyphae — the upright parallel hyphae which are the first paraphyses 
and form the hymenium, and a dense weft of hyphae below the hymenium. 
Embedded in the dense weft of vegetative hyphae are the ascogone cells. 
These cells are sometimes empty or they may contain several nuclei 
each (Fig. 63, PL XXXV). Several ascogenous hyphae may be given 
off from one ascogone cell (Fig. 62). The ascogenous hyphae stain quite 
differently from the paraphyses — usually more orange. The cytoplasm 
is not granulär and is rather scanty in amount. The hyphae are septate, 
but the cells, especially those near the point of origin of the hyphae, 
Vary much in length. The number of nuclei in these basal cells of the 
ascogenous hyphae varies (Fig. 63), but the more distal cells have quite 
regularly two or three nuclei (Figs. 56 — 61). It is difficult to see how 
there can be any regulär arrangement of the nuclei in pairs at this time. 
The nuclei in a cell divide entirely independently of each other — resting 
nuclei and spindles are very often seen in the same cell. The resting 
nuclei of these cells stain very clearly, the chromatin being in granulär 
masses scattered about on the membrane, but the division spindles are 
never distinct. In my preparations the spindles look like dense red streaks 
and the chromatin, when it can be distinguished, seems to be in a single 
mass. In the telophase stages, the red-stained spindle is still to be seen 
