408 
Freda M. Bachmann 
bably of some of tbose of the ascogone takes place before there is any 
gelatinization at all, but not of course before fusion of trichogyne and 
spermatium. Stahl suggested that since the changes in the trichogyne 
walls progress aiways from the distal cell, the Stimulus to cause these 
changes probably comes from the spermatium and he thought tliis an 
evidence of functional sexuality in these forms. 
The closing of the pores in the trichogyne cross walls is similar to 
what occ-urs in Pyronema. In this form (Harper, 51; Claussen, 20), 
the pore between the antheridium and the conjugating tube remains open 
while that between the conjugating tube and the oogonium is at once 
closed. Harper suggests that this relatively transitory opening between 
the conjugation tube and the oogonium as eompared with that between 
the tube and the antheridium may be the reason wliy earlier students of 
Pyronema failecl to find an opening at all. In Collema the Perforation 
of the most distal cross walls of the trichogyne also lasts for only a short 
time. If this early stage of Perforation were omitted (and it could easily 
be overlooked), the conditions in Collema might be similar to what takes 
place in Laclinea stercorea as described by Fraser (35). In this species 
the ascogone bears a multicellular trichogyne the terminal cell of which 
fuses with the antheridium. Tire male nuclei appear to pass into this 
c-ell but are cut off from the ascogonium by the lower cells of the tricho- 
gyne. Fraser has not described any changes in the cross walls of the 
trichogyne such as occur in Collema, but merely notes that the branch 
(trichogyne) is cut off from the ascogonium by a wall on which granides 
may often be observed. Cutting (22) has described such granulös on 
the cross walls of the archicarp of Ascophanus carneus. The archicarp 
is composed of basal, ascogonial and terminal regions which become 
fairlv definitely marked as development proceeds. The septa are per- 
forated like those of the vegetative cells and bear characteristic granules. 
Later these granules fuse and form pads which dose the pores. “The 
apical portion of the archicarp as a rule degenerates early and w T ith the 
loss of contents all of the pads disappear, except the one immediately 
adjoining the transverse wall which separates this region from the asco- 
gonial region. This pad is very well marked, and the wall bearing it is 
usually much thickened.” In the basal portion of the ascogonium the 
pads are more persistent while those in the ascogonium, apparently in 
no definite Order, quite irregularly, suddenly disappear. Here again, 
as in Pyronema and in Collema, the ascogonium which was formerly 
continuous with the more distal portion now becomes permanently 
eparated from it. The pads forjned by the gelatinization and fusion 
