376 
Freda M. Bachmann 
Peltidea and suggestcd that what Tulasne, Lindsay, and Nylander 
had described as spermogonia or pycnidia are young stages in apothecial 
development, and that Lindsa y’s “sporoid corpuscles” in P eitiger a canina 
are the cclls of the ascogone which in tliis species are all separate. The 
ascogenous hyphae come from the cells of the ascogone, which then be- 
come disorganized and later disappear. 
In Nephroma tomentosum and N. laevigatum, Fünfstück found 
spermogonia, but since the apothecia at the time the ascogenous 
hyphae are formed are still enclosed in a thick cortex, he thought it not 
possible for a spermatium to enter. Irregulär neeklace-like chains of 
thin-walled spherical cells similar to the ascogone cells of Peltigera he 
thought to be the ascogone. The formation of ascogenous hyphae was 
not observed, but upon their appearance the ascogone cells disappear. 
In tliis genus both sex organs are present but non-functional. Since there 
is no trichogyne the female organ has degenerated and the spermatia 
do not mature. 
In a later paper Fünfstück (41) says that spermogonia do some- 
times occur in Peltigera rufescens and that he fonnd them once in P. canina 
but never in P. malacea. 
From what has been said of the work of Tulasne and Cornu, it 
is evident that aside from Stahl’s discovery of the fusion of spermatium 
and trichogyne, the spermatia of lichens were suppösed to be male cells 
because all attempts to secure germination had resulted in failure. In 
1887, Möller (69) succeeded in germinating the spermatia of Buellia 
punctiformis Hoff., Opegrapha subsiderella Nyh, 0. atra Pers., Calicium 
parietinum Ach. and C. trachelinum Ach. He also succeeded with what 
he thought were the spermatia of an Arthonia. In some cases the rudi- 
mentary thalli developed to a breadth of 2 mm. and 0,75 mm. in thickness. 
His experiments were not carried out under natural conditions. The 
spermatia were placed in nutrient Solutions, linder conditions especially 
favorable for their development. Möller thought the resuits of his 
experiments conclusive evidence of the asexual nature of liehen spermatia. 
Forssel (33) reported the development of the apothecium from 
the spermogonium in Pyrenopsis impolita (Th. Fr.) and Psoroticliia leprosa 
Anz., but saw no trichogynes. He also thought he observed the same 
phenomenon in Psoroticliia (?) Rhemii Mass. and P. (?) lugubris Mass. 
In Pyrenopsis phoeococca Tuck, he found carpogones and trichogynes in 
the base of the spermogonium. In Psoroticliia quinquetubera (Del.), P. (?) 
fuliginascens (Nyh), Pyrenopsidium furfureum (Nyh), Anema decipiens 
(Mass.), A. notarisii (Mass.), A. nummularium (Dur. et Mont.), Ompha- 
