378 
Freda M. Bachmann 
myochroum (Ehrb.) Tuck., bis results are entirely confirmatory of Stahl’s. 
In Physma compactum he failed to get early enough stages to show a 
spermogonium transfonned into an apothecium, but in P. mülleri he 
found traces of sterigmata projecting from the sides of the upper part 
of the apothecium. 
Glück (43) made a comparative study of the structure and content 
of spermogonia in a large number of lichens. He was able to group all 
those studied into eight distinct types as to the characters of the basal 
cells, the sterigmata and the spermatia. In the simplest type, a basal 
cell produces a single sterigma bearing a rather large, broad spermatium. 
In the more complex types the basal cells form chains, then anastomose, 
and finally form a tissue. In the most complex types the sterigmata 
may be reduced to mere papillae on the basal cells so that the spermatia 
appear to be formed directly from the basal cells. 
Wainio (85) noted the production of ascogones with tricliogynes 
in Usnea laevis, Spliaerophoropsis stereocauloides Wainio, Coccocarpa 
pellita (Ach.), Pseudopyrenula sp., and a number of Cladonias. He called 
attention to the fact that in many lichens the Prolongation of the ascogone, 
the trichogyne, extends upward beyond the surface of the thallus, but 
in some species (the asexual Peltigeras and Peltideas described by Fünf- 
stück) these prolongations are entirely enclosed within the thallus. He 
thought that the latter condition must exclude all possibility of fertiliza- 
tion by the spermatia, and the fact that the trichogyne is a septate organ 
would argue against its being a fertilizing organ. He considered the 
ascogones nutrition reservoirs for later spore formation and proposed 
the question whether the tricliogynes are not accidental elongations of 
the ascogone which, because of the accumulation of nutritive material in 
the ascogone, develope with greater vigor than the other parts of the 
apothecium. 
A few years later, in a second paper (86), Wainio described asco- 
gones with tricliogynes in several Cladonias. The tricliogynes were oc- 
casionally in bundles. He was able to determine that the paraphyses 
are branches from vegetative hyphae and that the asci come from branches 
of the ascogone. However, some branches from the ascogone he thought 
to be sterile and to resemble paraphyses. Following Möller, he called 
the spermatia pycnoconidia. 
Baur’s (3) results from a study of Collema crispum Ach. are very 
similar to those of Stahl. He found two kinds of tlialli — those in 
which the lobes of the thallus are very well developed and produce only 
a few large apothecia or none whatever, and those with lobes pooriy 
