l8 BULLETIN OF THE LABORATORIES 
Let it be observed that, in our opinion, the diversity of opinion 
as to the affinities of the Waverly Group is very largely due to the 
vain attempt to regard it as homogeneous and the failure to distin- 
guish the Berea Grit from the sandy upper layers — Logan. 
Finally Prof. Hall, in Vol. V, of the Palaeontology of New York, 
seems to withdraw quite fully from his early view of the identity of 
the Waverly of Ohio with the Chemung of New York, (always com- 
paring our Middle and Upper members — the lower being considered 
unfossiliferous.) He says : 
A careful examination of those species supposed to have a ver- 
tical range from the Chemung group to the Waverly group, has shown 
that they are allied forms but specifically distinct.” He nevertheless 
admits that the genera are identical with those of the Chemung, only 
four genera of lamellibranchs being found in the Waverly not also 
found in the Hamilton or Chemung. The series accessible to Prof 
Hall was also very incomplete. 
If it should prove that many Chemung forms persisted in Ohio 
long after the shallowing waters of New York were unfitted for them 
and that forms of carboniferous habit were gradually introduced it 
would only furnish another to the long list of similar instances stand- 
ing to the credit of evolution. 
For an extended and very valuable discussion of the age of these 
rocks, see Winchell’s papers in Proc. Philos. Soc. Vols. XI and XH, 
1870. 
That the series of freestones and shales with occasional inter- 
spersed bands of conglomerate which occupies a belt of 250-500 feet 
below the coal measures is really homogeneous may have been doubt- 
ed, but it is left for the present occasion to point out the nature of the 
variations in the fauna. The stratigraphy of the Waverly as seen in 
central Ohio may now be confidently regarded as correctly determined 
in at least its general contours. 'Phe interest attaching to the Waverly 
group as affording a transition from Devonian to carboniferous faunae 
under peculiar conditions will naturally be greatly enhanced if within 
its own limits transitional forms or facies can be discovered. To 
gather facts instructive upon this point it is necessary, first of all, to 
identify continuous and unmistakable horizons. To this end we first 
directed attention, and found such reference lines in two narrow bands 
of conglomerate separated by an interval of from 38 to 50 feet, which 
includes the quarry rock or freestone employed in this county. 
