CROSS-FERTILIZATION OF LOBELIA SYPHILITICA. 
BY C. L. PAYNE. 
The methods of bringing about cross-fertilization are very numer- 
ous. But it has been observed that the methods of fertilization con- 
form to a few leading principles and types. And according to these 
principles the methods of cross fertilization may be divided into class- 
es. The various modifications m the orders, genera, and species un- 
der these leading classes are only different applications of these princi- 
ples and different methods of conforming to them. Thus we have the 
principle, that open flowers can be fertilized by the wind, and accord- 
ing to this principle we have a large number of plants, whose flowers 
are completely exposed to the wind. But in other respects the flow- 
ers may vary to suit the habits and circumstances of the several plants. 
Again, there is a principle, that melliferous plants attract insects and 
can make them the agents of cross-fertilization by adapting their con- 
trivances for fertilization to them. These two principles are sometimes 
combined, and such plants have two chances for bringing about cross- 
fertilization. Here, also, there are many modifications. There are 
many other principles with contrivances adapted to them. A classifi- 
cation based upon these principles, it seems, would be as convenient 
as the general classification of plants. But of coujse it is hard to find 
a suitable principle of division. Hildebrand has made a very excel- 
