104 BULLETIN OF THE LABORATORIES 
of counties. Instead of being a homogeneous unit of this column it is 
itself a curious patch-work mingling the most diverse elements of the 
series as seen further south and yet possessing a certain unity, due 
chiefly to the lithological similarity and hence the similarity in condi- 
tions of deposition of its various strata. Prof. Orton has called atten- 
tion to this error as indicated by the lithological diversity of the va- 
rious elements which Prof. Newberry’s name is made to include, but 
we can more emphatically repeat his strictures from the standpoint of 
palaeontology. The upper part of the series possesses a sub-carboni- 
ferous character and can be almost certainly parallelized with the 
shales in the upper part of the section as it appears in Licking countv 
though it has some elements belonging to itself. Comularia newherryi, 
Nucula houghtoni^ Spirifer biplicatus, Entolium aviculatum^ Spirifei'- 
setigera, Crenipecten^ sp. Phillip sia immaturus^ etc., are among the 
common fossils. 
This upper portion has been thought to be devoid of fossils but 
will yield a good harvest to the patient collector. It must not be con- 
fused with the lower fossiliferous horizons of Bagdad, Lodi and Wey- 
mouth. The fossils of this horizon are in part shown upon Plate X,, 
Figs. 2 — 28 and 36 — 40. This layer lies only forty feet below the con- 
glomerate at Cuyahoga Falls. The concretionary shales at Lodi and 
Weymouth extend over one htmdred feet below the carboniferous con- 
glomerate and present us with a very different association of fossils, the 
lower part of which contains some elements of a like concretionary 
zone of thirty or forty feet in thickness in Ashland county, there sev- 
enty feet below conglomerate I and one hundred and eighty feet or 
more below the carboniferous conglomerate and at least one hundred 
and fifty feet below the strata regarded as equivalent to the Cuyahoga 
shales. This latter horizon can be seen at Moot’s run in Licking Co., 
where it is about two hundred and fifty feet below the carboniferous- 
conglomerate. 
The whole middle Waverly as seen in the central and southern 
part of the state is absent or only here and there present in its shaly 
strata. The equivalent of the shale below conglomerate II may be 
seen in parts of Medina county but only locally fossiliferous. That 
portion of the Cuyahoga shale below this concretionary layer is as yet 
insufficiently known, but contains four species of Lingula and will ulti- 
mately prove fruitful. Where it reposes on the Berea it bears Lingula 
melie^ and Orbicitloidea netvberryi^ as it does in central Ohio and, as^ 
