io6 
BULLETIN OF THE LABORATORIES 
Berea or Transition series . 
(Western equivalent of upper Chemung.) 
Erie shale, 
Eastern or typical Chemung (lower part) 
fWaverly shale : 40 ft, 
I Berea shale* 200-400 ft. 
\ Berea grit 50-60 ft. 
I Bedford shale 50 ft. 
Cleveland shale (local) 50 ft. 
100 ft. 
2. The Middle Waveiiy 01' Kinderhook Division. 
In as much as this important division is quite absent in the north- 
ern and eastern localities, a great deal of misapprehension has arisen, 
which is quite uncalled for. The geologists who have worked only in 
the Cuyahoga valley habitually under-estimate the significance of this 
the most fossiliferous portion of the series. The middle Waverly is 
essentially a littoral zone and its fossils are for this reason largely pecu- 
liar, but it can be readily shown that Prof. Alexander Winchell was 
correct in identifying this horizon with the Kinderhook, etc., of the 
west. We do not claim that no fossils of the Kinderhook occur above 
conglomerate II or below conglomerate I, for this would be contrary 
to all analogy, but we do believe that, as a rather distinct factor of the 
Ohio Waverly, this may be wholly referred to that age and is its spe- 
cific equivalent. That this horizon is equivalent to the Catskill of New 
York, as suggested by Winchell, would be in our judgement too specific 
a claim. The Catskill is another such a local development but it is 
more intensely local as it is a restricted member of the Chemung series, 
itself a littoral and provincial deposit. Very strict correlation of strata 
deposited under diverse conditions may never be possible. Chrono- 
logical and faunal equivalences are rarely strictly identical. We may 
safely say that our middle Waverly is representative of the Catskill, 
and that is enough It is not necessary to reherse the accumulated 
evidence to show that this group is more closely allied to the upper 
Chemung than the Carboniferous limestones of the west. The spe- 
cies which give to the Waverly its carboniferous aspect as maintained 
by all writers, are largely from division iii. Nevertheless, the transi- 
tion is gradual and almost imperceptible. The following are a few 
of the species which substantiate the identity with the Kinderhook. 
(It should be observed that the fossils of the lower sandy portions of 
the Burlington have been referred to the Kinderhook, hence quite a num- 
ber of so-called Kinderhook species occur in our division iii). Conocar- 
*This term includes not only the black shale, so called by Prof. Orton, but 
the greater part of the shales below the Kinderhook. 
