BULLETIN OF DENISON UNIVERSITY. 
171 
6. A syllable is short if it contains a naturally short vowel be- 
fore a single consonant (or mute with 1 or r). A vast majority of 
vowels before a single consonant are short by nature. 
7. A vowel is short by position before another vowel, a diph- 
thong, or h. This rule covers the penult in all the host of true Latin 
words ending in -ius, -ia, -ium, -io, -eus, -ea, -eum. There is no 
danger of falsely accenting them. 
8. But note that if a vowel represents a Greek long vowel or 
diphthong, it is not made short by position before another vowel or 
diphthong {e. g. Bryozoon, from zo-on, living thing). Here belong 
numerous words of Greek origin in la, ea, Ion, ais, ois, eus, of which 
many have been adopted as scientific names ; as, On^^-o-cle^-a, Cas^^- 
si-o-pe^-a, De-L^-o-pe'-a, Tha-lL-a, A-rL-on, La-od^^-a-mL-a, Iph^^-i-ge- 
nf-a. They are very often mispronounced. 
CONSONANTS. 
9. Consonants are generally to be pronounced as they would be 
in the same syllables in any English word. A few points need to be 
specified. 
10. Before e, i, y, se, oe, pronounce c like s, and g like j ; 
elsewhere, pronounce c as in come, g as in go (Gyroceras=:ji-r6s^-e- 
ras; Cyclostornazm^i-Wo^' -lo-mB, Gyges—]l-]Q?,', Cynoglossum—'&ir/^-o- 
glos^-sum, 18, c). Ch=k always; th as in thing; ph as in physic; j 
as in join; x at the beginning of a syllable=z, {Chiton=\iV-X.on; 
Ichthyophagi=^\Y^-\hQ-6i^-2i-]\ Xylophag a=zi-\6f 16 a). 
11. If a word begin with an unpronounceable group (pt, ct, cn, 
gn, mn, pn, chth, phth, tm, ps) the first letter of the pair is not sounded 
(Phihia=t\\\-2i’, pteris~tt'-x\?>\ ctenoconcJia==\.^Ti'^ pseudo- 
/^^/^^•2V2z/^=su^^-do-buk^-si-num) ; but in composition, after a vowel, 
both are sounded {neuropteris=^n^-xb^'-\.^-x\^. 
12. Aspiration. Wherf ci, si, and ti, follow an accented syl- 
lable and are followed by another vowel, they are pronounced she ; 
