182 
George Arnold 
Owiug to the large size of this beetle, and its testes, the fixation 
of the latter was as rapid and complete as possible. 
First of all, the bead, legs, and wings were cut off, and the 
Ist, 2nd. and 3rd. dorsal segments cut away, displaying the testes 
as two bean sbaped bodies, lying one on each side of middle line 
of the abdomen. These were then removed, and fixed in Zenker, 
Flemmings strong solution, and Hermanns. 
Siains. 
The stains chiefly used were: 
Heideniiains Iron Alum Haematoxylin, Tbionin and Bordeaux 
Red, Tbionin and Acid Fuchsine, and the following triple stain (after 
mordanting with lodine and Potassium lodide) Saftranin, Metbylene 
Blue and Unna's Orange G. 
The testis consist of a large number of long narrow follicles, 
opening into a central vas deferens, as described by Bqrdas']. 
Fach follicle is divided up into a varying number of cysts. The wall 
of each cyst ist apparently composed of the cytoplasm of a single 
large motber-celP). The nucleus of tbis motber-cell is extremely 
rieb in ebromatin and very large. 
The follicles ripen centrifugally, and by the end of May most 
of the cysts adjacent to the vas, contain ripe spermatozoa. 
Generally all the cells in each cyst belong to the same gene- 
ration, and show the same phase of development. However, in 
following the sequence of changes this condition of tlie cysts is not 
to be relied on too strongly, as in nearly all follicles, some cysts 
may be found containing one or more cells which are in an earlier 
or later stage than the rest of the cells. 
The Somatic Division*). 
The divisions immediately preceding the Ist. meiotic division are 
frequently called the spermatogonial, but as these divisions seldom 
1) Ann. Science Nat. Tome 11. p. 283. 
~) Anat. Anz. 1899. De Bruyne. 
Throughout this paper tlie same terminology will be used, as in previous 
papers. Owing to the confusion which may arise owing to the different terms 
used by various authors, the following synonimic list may be of use. 
Somatic division = spermatogonial, or all divisions preceding the Ist. & 
2nd. meiotic divisions. 
Ist. meiotic division = Ist. maturation, or heterotype division. 
2nd. » » = 2nd. » or homotype division. 
