510 
Max Morse 
of uuiserial granules, the writer cannot agree. The chromatin is 
clearly aggregated into discrete threads, which assume definite forms 
and althongh very delicate, may yet be followed through the various 
stages. 
In the mind of the writer, the criticism which have been urged 
against the conclusions of the Schreiner s and others who believe 
parasynapsis to occur in ther material, are of less weight than the 
positive evidence for it. Moreover, in the writer's material, there is 
no evidence that synapsis occurs previous to synizesis, as Stras- 
burger (’04), Overton (’05) and others have found in the "Gamo- 
zentra” or "Prochromosomes” of the plants which tliey have studied. 
There is no time, in the growth period of Periplaneta , when the 
chromatin occurs in the form of flocculent ''prochromosomes”. 
There can be little question that Suttox, Mc Cluxg, H. S. Davis 
and others have correctly described telosynapsis for ihanv of the 
Acrididae and Locustidm. Suttox (’OO) finds that the anaphase chro- 
mosomes of the last series of spermatogonia (see text-figure I, a) con- 
jogate at their polar ends, as they approach the centrosomes, to form 
bivalent bodies. H. S. Davis ( ; 08) adheres to this view for the forms 
studied by him. The subsequent history of the spermatocytes in 
these cases is in harmony with this mode of conjugation of the 
spermatogonial chromosomes. 
d) The spermatocyte mitoses. Corresponding to the two methods 
of synapsis, telosynapsis and parasynapsis, the spermatocyte mitoses 
have been interpreted as involving on the one hand a longitudinal 
and a cross division and on the other, two longitudinal divisions. 
Suttox ') has described the process as exhibited in BracJiystoIa magna 
as follows; — The chromosomes of the later prophase appear as 
crosses, rings (I, e) etc, which are derived from a single type, a bi- 
valent chromosome (I. b) which has been split lengthwise (I. c). The 
rings are forrned from such a bivalent by the union of the free ends 
of the daughter chromosomes, while conspieuous "lugs” are forrned 
(I, d), by the pulling out of the ends of the daughter chromosomes 
at their synaptic points. In the metaphase plate, the rings are so 
placed that the lugs lie along the spindle fibres, while the horizontal 
portions of the ring lie centrifngally, jutting out from the spindle. 
1 The writer is indebted to Dr. W. S. Suttox for an explanation of bis 
views eoncerning synapsis and reduction, which he gave personally. The fignres 
given in text-figures I, a. b, etc., are virtnally copies of unpublished drawiügs 
of Dr. Suttox and the writer is gratefid for permission to publish thern. 
